Books
The Soldier and the State: The Theory and Politics of Civil-Military Relations
– Huntington, Samuel P. The Soldier and the State: The Theory and Politics of Civil-Military Relations. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1957.“In a classic work, Samuel P. Huntington challenges most of the old assumptions and ideas on the role of the military in society. Stressing the value of the military outlook for… More
Education and Military Leadership: A Study of the R.O.T.C. By Gene M. Lyons and John W. Masland
– Huntington, Samuel P. "Education and Military Leadership: A Study of the R.O.T.C. By Gene M. Lyons and John W. Masland." American Political Science Review v. 53, n. 4 (1959): 1154-1155.“This book claims to be simple an historical and analytical study of the relationship of ROTC programs to higher education and national defense. It is, however, much more than that.… More
Strategic Planning and the Political Process
– Huntington, Samuel P. "Strategic Planning and the Political Process." Foreign Affairs v. 38, n. 2 (1960): 285-299.For a decade or more statesmen and scholars have been unhappy about American methods of making decisions on strategic programs–that is, decisions on the over-all size of the military… More
The Common Defense: Strategic Programs in National Politics
– Huntington, Samuel P. The Common Defense: Strategic Programs in National Politics. New York, Columbia University Press, 1961.“Professor Robert Bowie of Harvard, who formerly headed the State Department’s policy planning staff, remarked a year ago that “we just don’t know much about …… More
The New Civil-Military Relations
– Lyons, Gene. "The New Civil-Military Relations." American Political Science Review 55 (March 1961): 53-60.“Historically the character of civil-military relations in the United States has been dominated by the concept of civilian control of the military. This has largely been a response to… More
Equilibrium and Disequilibrium in American Military Policy
– Huntington, Samuel P. "Equilibrium and Disequilibrium in American Military Policy." Political Science Quarterly v. 76, n. 4 (1961): 481-502.“For fifteen years American military policy has been in a state of turmoil and change. As a result, perhaps, stability has ranked high as a goal of military policy. In some respects… More
Interservice Competition and the Political Roles of the Armed Services
– Huntington, Samuel P. "Interservice Competition and the Political Roles of the Armed Services." The American Political Science Review v. 55, n. 1 (1961): 40-52.“Conventional wisdom” (to purloin a phrase from Galbraith) holds that interservice competition necessarily undermines economy, efficiency, and effective central control in the military… More
Changing Patterns of Military Politics in National Politics
– Ed. Huntington, Samuel. Changing Patterns of Military Politics in National Politics. New York: Free Press, 1962.“This book is a useful, if rather uneven, addition to the growing literature of military politics. As the third volume of the International Yearbook of Political Behavior… More
Power, Expertise and the Military Profession
– Huntington, Samuel P. "Power, Expertise and the Military Profession." Daedelus v. 92, n. 4 (1963): 785-807.Since 1945 the American military profession has been reeling under the impact of not one but two revolutions. The technological revolution has made the management of violence increasingly… More
Political Power: USA/USSR
– Brzezinsky, Zbigniew and Samuel P. Huntington. Political Power: USA/USSR. New York: Viking Press, 1964.“This is a stimulating study by two creative and productive young political scientists. Professor Brzezinski is the author of several important works on Soviet and Eastern European… More
Political Ideals and the Military Ethic
– Guttman, Allen. "Political Ideals and the Military Ethic." American Scholar 34:2 (Spring 1965): 221-237.“From the 1770s to the 1960s, from the Committee of Correspondence to S.N.C.C., American political rhetoric has remained remarkably constant. Liberty and equality. Although each… More
Introduction: Social Science and Vietnam
– Huntington, Samuel P. "Introduction: Social Science and Vietnam." Asian Survey v. 7, n. 8 (1967): 503-506.Political Development and the Decline of the American System of World Order
– Huntington, Samuel P. "Political Development and the Decline of the American System of World Order." Daedalus v. 96, n. 3 (1967): 927-929.“By the year 2000 it should be clear retrospectively that the dominant feature of international politics during the thirty years after WWII was neither the East-West confrontation… More
Foreign Aid for What and for Whom
– Huntington, Samuel P. "Foreign Aid for What and for Whom." Foreign Policy v. 1 (1970): 161-189.“Foreign Aid: Billions in Search of a Good Reason” was the title of a 1963 Fortune article by Charles J. V. Murphy. Seven years later, the billions may be fewer in number, but… More
Why “Foreign Policy”?
– Huntington, Samuel P. and Warren Demian Manshel. "Why "Foreign Policy"?" Foreign Policy v. 1 (1970): 3-5.The Professional Soldier: A Social and Political Portrait
– Janowitz, Morris. The Professional Soldier: A Social and Political Portrait. New York: The Free Press, 1971.“In his social profile of the professional soldier, Janowitz develops the basic distinction between “absolutist” and “pragmatist” approaches. Warfare –… More
Foreign Aid for What and for Whom (II)
– Huntington, Samuel P. "Foreign Aid for What and for Whom (II)." Foreign Policy v. 2 (1971): 114-134.“The year 1971 could be an historic one for US foreign aid. Congress and the President have the opportunity this year to make fundamental innovations. The effort is timely, for many… More
The Change to Change: Modernization, Development, and Politics
– Huntington, Samuel P. "The Change to Change: Modernization, Development, and Politics." Comparative Politics v. 3 n. 3 (1971): 283-322.It was not until the mid-1950s that a renaissance in the study of comparative politics got under way. Concern with modernization and the comparison of modern and traditional political… More
After Containment: The Functions of the Military Establishment
– Huntington, Samuel P. "After Containment: The Functions of the Military Establishment." Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science v. 406 (1973): 1-16.After World War II, the United States reconstituted its military policy for the third time in its history. A strategy of deterrence was adopted as the military counterpart to a foreign… More
Transnational Organizations in World Politics
– Huntington, Samuel P. "Transnational Organizations in World Politics." World Politics v. 25, n. 2 (1973): 333-368.These organizations appear to have little in common. They are public and private, national and international, profit-making and charitable, religious and secular, civil and military, and,… More
Postindustrial Politics: How Benign Will It Be?
– Huntington, Samuel P. "Postindustrial Politics: How Benign Will It Be?" Comparative Politics v. 6 n. 2 (1974): 163-191.The concept of postindustrial society was advanced in the early 1960s by Daniel Bell as a model of society comparable to, but significantly different from, models of industrial and agrarian… More
Trade, Technology, and Leverage: Economic Diplomacy
– Huntington, Samuel P, Franklyn Holzman, Richard Portes, John Kiser, Maurice J. Mountain, and Robert Klitgaard. "Trade, Technology, and Leverage: Economic Diplomacy." Foreign Policy v. 32 (1978): 63-106.An effective and realistic approach to US-Soviet economic relations today must reflect the key characteristics of the current phase of the superpower relationship. This phase differs… More
The Strategic Imperative: New Policies for American Security
– Ed. Huntington, Samuel P. The Strategic Imperative: New Policies for American Security. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1982.This product of Harvard’s new Program in National Security Studies is an interesting collection of essays which, in contrast to the Blechman volume (above), places comparatively… More
Living with Nuclear Weapons
– Carnesale, Albert, Paul Doty, Stanley Hoffman, Samuel P. Huntington, Joseph D. Nye Jr., Scott Sagan, Derek Bok. Living with Nuclear Weapons. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1983.At the request of the President of Harvard University, six Harvard scholars have joined forces to write a book that lays out the facts about nuclear weapons for all concerned citizens who… More
Conventional Deterrence and Conventional Retaliation in Europe
– Huntington, Samuel P. "Conventional Deterrence and Conventional Retaliation in Europe." International Security v. 8, n. 3 (1983): 32-56.For a quarter century the slow but continuing trend in NATO strategy – and in thinking about NATO strategy – has been from emphasis on nuclear deterrence to emphasis on… More
Reorganizing America’s Defense: Leadership in War and Peace
– Art, Robert J., Vincent Davis, and Samuel Huntington. Reorganizing America’s Defense: Leadership in War and Peace. Washington, DC: Pergamon-Brassey, 1985.Coping with the Lippmann Gap
– Huntington, Samuel P. "Coping with the Lippmann Gap." Foreign Affairs v. 66, n. 3 (1987): 453-477.Foreign policy,” wrote Walter Lippmann in 1943 in an oft-quoted phrase, “consists in bringing into balance, with a comfortable surplus of power in reserve, the nation’s… More
Vietnam Report: Response
– Huntington, Samuel P. "Vietnam Report: Response." Science 235 (1987): 1448.The U.S.: Decline or Renewal?
– Huntington, Samuel P. "The U.S.: Decline or Renewal?" Foreign Affairs v. 67, n. 2 (1988): 76-96.In 1988 the United States reached the zenith of its fifth wave of declinism since the 1950s. The roots of this phenomenon lie in the political economy literature of the early 1980s that… More
The Concept of Military Professionalism
– Harries-Jenkins, Gwyn. "The Concept of Military Professionalism." Defense Analysis 6:2 (Jun. 1990): 117-130.“The publication in 1957 of Huntington’s The Soldier and the State and of Janowitz’s The Professional Soldier 3 years later stimulated considerable interest in the study… More
The Long Shadow of the Soldier and the State
– Coffman, Edward. "The Long Shadow of the Soldier and the State." The Journal of Military History. 55:1 (Jan. 1991): 69-82.If Not Civilizations, What? Paradigms of the Post-Cold War World
– Huntington, Samuel P. "If Not Civilizations, What? Paradigms of the Post-Cold War World." Foreign Affairs v. 72, n. 5 (1993): 186-194.When people think seriously, they think abstractly; they conjure up simplified pictures of reality called concepts, theories, models, paradigms. Without such intellectual constructs, there… More
Why International Primacy Matters
– Huntington, Samuel P. "Why International Primacy Matters." International Security v. 17, n. 4 (1993): 68-83.Does international primacy matter? The answer seems so obvious that one first wonders why someone as intelligent, perceptive, and knowledgeable as Robert Jervis raises the question. On… More
An Exchange on Civil-Military Relations
– Kohn, Richard, Colin Powell, John Lehman, William Odom, Samuel Huntington, "An Exchange on Civil-Military Relations," The National Interest 36 (Summer 1994): 23-31“Of all the problems facing the nation, a crisis in civil-military relations is not one of them and things are not out of control. Mr. Kohn lays major responsibility for this… More
The Clash of Civilizations: The Debate
– Ed. Huntington, Samuel P. The Clash of Civilizations: The Debate. New York: Foreign Affairs, 1996.According to Samuel Huntington’s seminal 1993 essay, The Clash of Civilizations, world politics is entering a new phase, in which the great divisions among humankind and the… More
The Civil-military Problematique: Huntington, Janowitz and the Question of Civilian Control
– Feaver, Peter. "The Civil-military Problematique: Huntington, Janowitz and the Question of Civilian Control." Armed Forces and Society: An Interdisciplinary Journal 23:2 (Winter 1996): 149-178.“The alleged crisis in American civil-military relations has revived a long-standing theoretical debate about the determinants of civilian control. So far, the debate has followed… More
An American Crisis in Civilian Control and Civil-military Relations?
– Feaver, Peter D. "An American Crisis in Civilian Control and Civil-military Relations?" Tocqueville Review 17:1 (1996): 159-182.The West: Unique, Not Universal
– Huntington, Samuel P. "The West: Unique, Not Universal." Foreign Affairs v. 75, n. 6 (1996): 28.In recent years Westerners have reassured themselves and irritated others by expounding the notion that the culture of the West is and ought to be the culture of the world. This conceit… More
The Erosion of American National Interests
– Huntington, Samuel P. "The Erosion of American National Interests." Foreign Affairs v. 76, n. 5 (1997): 28.The years since the end of the Cold War have seen intense, wide-ranging, and confused debates about American national interests. Much of this confusion stems from the complexity of the… More
The Promise of Globalization or the Clash of Civilizations
– Neckerman, Peter. "The Promise of Globalization or the Clash of Civilizations." World and I 13:2 (Dec. 1998): 314.“If I were asked to give a name to our century, I would not hesitate for a single moment. I would call it the “Century of Globalization,” because this will be its lasting… More
A Clash of Civilizations: An Idée Fixe?
– Senghaas, Deiter. "A Clash of Civilizations: An Idée Fixe?" Journal of Peace Research 35:1 (Jan 1998): 127-132.Huntington’s thesis on the prospective clash of civilizations is criticized in two directions: neither the original article or the book gives any systematic analysis of the inherent… More
From Modernization Theory Towards the ‘Clash of Civilizations’: Directions and Paradigm Shifts in Samuel Huntington’s Analysis and Prognosis of Global Development
– Kreutzmann, Hermann. "From Modernization Theory Towards the 'Clash of Civilizations': Directions and Paradigm Shifts in Samuel Huntington's Analysis and Prognosis of Global Development." GeoJournal, 46:4 (1998): 255-265.This paper critically discusses Samuel Huntington’s contribution to development studies. Long before his currently debated work on the clash of civilizations, Huntington wrote on the… More
Samuel Huntington and Communist Civil-Military Relations
– Herspring, Dale. "Samuel Huntington and Communist Civil-Military Relations." Armed Forces and Society: An Interdisciplinary Journal 25:4 (Summer 1999): 557-577.“Contrary to Huntington’s hypothesis, analysis suggests that the relationship between the party-political apparatus and line elements of the armed forces of the former Soviet… More
Managing the ‘Expert Problem’ in Civil-Military Relations
– Bland, Douglas. "Managing the 'Expert Problem' in Civil-Military Relations." European Security 8:3 (Autumn 1999): 25-43.Samuel Huntington once defined ‘the modern problem of civil‐military relations’ as managing the relationship between military experts and civilian ministers. The expert/minister… More
The Lonely Superpower
– Huntington, Samuel P. "The Lonely Superpower." Foreign Affairs v. 78, n. 2 (1999): 35.During the past decade global politics has changed fundamentally in two ways. First, it has been substantially reconfigured along cultural and civilizational lines, as I have highlighted in… More
Clash of Civilizations, or Realism and Liberalism Déjà Vu? Some Evidence
– Russett, Bruce and John Oneal and Michaelene Cox. "Clash of Civilizations, or Realism and Liberalism Déjà Vu? Some Evidence." Journal of Peace Research 37:5 (Sep. 2000): 583-608.We assess the degree to which propositions from Samuel Huntington’s The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order can account for the incidence of militarized interstate… More
Globalization and Political Strategy
– Jameson, Fredric. "Globalization and Political Strategy." New Left Review 4 (2000): 49-68.Attempts to define globalization often seem little better than so many ideological appropriations—discussions not of the process itself, but of its effects, good or bad: judgements, in… More
Robust Nationalism
– Huntington, Samuel P. "Robust Nationalism." The National Interest v. 58 (2000): 31.Is there such a thing as a conservative foreign policy? There was during the Cold War, but now the answer appears to be “no.” People who consider themselves conservative and are… More
Dialogue Among Civilizations: Possibilities after Huntington
– Healey, Stephen. "Dialogue Among Civilizations: Possibilities after Huntington." International Journal on World Peace. 18:1 (Mar. 2001): 7-14.“Samuel Huntington’s 1993 Foreign Affairs article “The Clash of Civilizations?” was greeted with a hailstorm of protest, but many also felt that Huntington had grasped something… More
Clear and Present Strangers: The Clash of Civilizations and International Conflict
– Henderson, Erroll and Richard Tucker. "Clear and Present Strangers: The Clash of Civilizations and International Conflict." International Studies Quarterly 45:2 (Jun. 2001): 317-338.“Huntington’s (1993a, 1993b, 1996) clash of civilizations thesis suggests that states belonging to different civilizations are more likely to become involved in conflict with… More
Two Civilizations and Ethnic Conflict: Islam and the West
– Fox, Jonathan. "Two Civilizations and Ethnic Conflict: Islam and the West." Journal of Peace Research 38:4 (Jul. 2001): 459-472.Samuel Huntington’s controversial ‘Clash of Civilizations’ argument posits, among other things, that the extent of both international and domestic conflict between… More
Islamic Culture and Democracy: Testing the ‘Clash of Civilizations’ Thesis
– Inglehard, Ronald. "Islamic Culture and Democracy: Testing the 'Clash of Civilizations' Thesis." Comparative Sociology 1:3 (2002): 235-263.In seeking to understand the root causes of the events of 9/11 many accounts have turned to Samuel P. Huntington’s provocative and controversial thesis of a “clash of… More
Islam and the West
– Bilgrami, Akeel. "Islam and the West." Philosophy & Social Criticism 38:5 (2002): 477-483.This short essay analyzes the deception and self-deception in talk of ‘the clash of civilizations’ and proceeds to diagnose what is wrong in the standard understanding of Islam in the… More
If Not a Clash, Then What? Huntington, Nishida Kitaro and the Politics of Civilizations
– Jones, Christopher. "If Not a Clash, Then What? Huntington, Nishida Kitaro and the Politics of Civilizations." International Relations of the Asia Pacific 2.2 (Aug 1, 2002): 223-243.The debate surrounding Samuel Huntington’s influential Clash of Civilizations thesis has been focused too narrowly on the accuracy of his categorization of civilizations. This focus… More
Is There a Clash of Civilizations? Evidence from Patterns of International Conflict Involvement, 1946-97
– Chiozza, Giacomo. "Is There a Clash of Civilizations? Evidence from Patterns of International Conflict Involvement, 1946-97." Journal of Peace Research 39:6 (Nov. 2002): 711-734.This article offers an empirical test of Huntington’s thesis in The Clash of Civilizations. Huntington argues that states belonging to different civilizations will have a higher… More
The ‘Clash of Civilizations’ and Postcommunist Europe
– Miller, Bill. "The 'Clash of Civilizations' and Postcommunist Europe." Comparative European Politics 1:2 (2003): 111-127.Samuel Huntington’s ‘clash of civilizations’ thesis has been widely disputed, but rarely challenged on the basis of individual-level data. Focusing on two postcommunist societies… More
Samuel Huntington and the Geopolitics of American Identity: The Function of Foreign Policy in America’s Domestic Clash of Civilizations
– El-Din, Aysha. "Samuel Huntington and the Geopolitics of American Identity: The Function of Foreign Policy in America's Domestic Clash of Civilizations." International Studies Review, 5:1 (2003): 53-76.The clash of civilizations thesis’s true origins lie partly in problems Samuel Huntington sees brewing in his own country. His thesis is to a considerable extent an externalization of… More
Huntington’s Shift to the Declinist Camp: Conservative Declinism and the ‘Historical Function’ of the Clash of Civilizations
– El-Din, Aysha. "Huntington’s Shift to the Declinist Camp: Conservative Declinism and the ‘Historical Function’ of the Clash of Civilizations." International Relations 17:4 (2003): 429-452.Samuel Huntington, a severe critic of decline theory and an adamant revivalist, shifted radically to the declinist camp with the end of the Cold War, his penultimate declinist vision being… More
The Irony of Western Ideas in a Multicultural World: Russians’ Intellectual Engagement with the “End of History” and “Clash of Civilizations
– Tsygankov, Andrei. "The Irony of Western Ideas in a Multicultural World: Russians' Intellectual Engagement with the 'End of History' and 'Clash of Civilizations.'" International Studies Review 5:1 (Mar. 2003), 53-76.International ideas can make important contributions to how local cultures and civilizations perceive each other. Indeed, ideas formulated in one society can be misunderstood by the… More
The US Media, Huntington and September 11
– Abrahamian, Ervand. "The US Media, Huntington and September 11." Third World Quarterly, 24:3 (Jun. 2003): 529-544.The mainstream quality media in the USA—unlike that of Europe— framed September 11 within the context of Islam, culture and civilisations. In other words, it explained the crisis by… More
Armed Servants: Agency, Oversight, and Civil-Military Relations
– Feaver, Peter. Armed Servants: Agency, Oversight, and Civil-Military Relations. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2003.How do civilians control the military? In the wake of September 11, the renewed presence of national security in everyday life has made this question all the more pressing. In this book,… More
Two Wests
– Huntington, Samuel P and Anthony Giddens. "Two Wests." New Perspectives Quarterly v. 20, n. 4 (2003): 37-43.The central division in the West is one which so many people have focused on: the difference in power between the United States and Europe. This division naturally gives rise to… More
The News Media and the “Clash of Civilizations”
– Seib, Philip. "The News Media and the 'Clash of Civilizations.'" Parameters 34:4 (Winter 2004): 71-86.The “call to jihad is rising in the streets of Europe, and is being answered,” reported The New York Times in April 2004. The Times story quoted a Muslim cleric in Britain touting the… More
Who Are We?: The Challenges to America’s National Identity
– Huntington, Samuel P. Who Are We?: The Challenges to America’s National Identity. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2005.In his seminal work The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order, Samuel Huntington argued provocatively and presciently that with the end of the cold war,… More
Not Letting Evidence Get in the Way of Assumptions: Testing the Clash of Civilizations Thesis with More Recent Data
– Henderson, Errol A. "Not Letting Evidence Get in the Way of Assumptions: Testing the Clash of Civilizations Thesis with More Recent Data." International Politics 42:4 (2005): 458-469.In this research note I examine Huntington’s ‘clash of civilizations’ thesis in the light of his arguments to his detractors to apply his thesis to post-Cold War armed… More
Huntington’s Dog that Didn’t Bark: Africa in the “Clash of Civilizations”
– Hawker, Geoffrey. "Huntington's Dog that Didn't Bark: Africa in the 'Clash of Civilizations.'" Journal of Contemporary Analysis. 77:3 (May-June 2005): 7-11.Paradigm Lost: Huntington’s Unfulfilled Clash of Civilizations Prediction into the 21st Century
– Fox, Jonathan. "Paradigm Lost: Huntington's Unfulfilled Clash of Civilizations Prediction into the 21st Century." International Politics 42:4 (Dec. 2005): 428-457.This study addresses a gap in the quantitative literature which tests Samuel Huntington’s Clash of Civilization theory (CoC). Nearly all of the quantitative studies which directly… More
Political Islam, Clash of Civilizations, U.S. Dominance and Arab Support of Attacks on America: A Test of a Hierarchical Model
– Mostafa Mohammed and Mohanedt Al-Hamdi, "Political Islam, Clash of Civilizations, U.S. Dominance and Arab Support of Attacks on America: A Test of a Hierarchical Model." Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, 30:8 (2007): 723-736.This study examines two theses used to explain Arab support of the 11 September attacks on the United States: clash of civilizations and anti-dominance reaction to perceived American… More
The Future of Freedom: Illiberal democracy at home and abroad
– Zakaria, Fareed. The Future of Freedom: Illiberal Democracy at Home and Abroad. New York: Norton & Co, 2007.Translated into twenty languages The Future of Freedom is a modern classic that uses historical analysis to shed light on the present, examining how democracy has changed our politics,… More
US Civil-military Relations Challenged by the Iraqi case — Functional Dualism and Strategic Splitting
– Duran, Etienne. "US civil-military Relations Challenged by the Iraqi case — Functional Dualism and Strategic Splitting." Revue Internationale de Politque Comparee 15:1 (2008) 93-116.American Civil-Military Relations: The Soldier and the State in a New Era
– Eds. Nielson, Suzanne and Don Snider. American Civil-Military Relations: The Soldier and the State in a New Era. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2009.American Civil-Military Relations offers the first comprehensive assessment of the subject since the publication of Samuel P. Huntington’s field-defining book, The Soldier and the State.… More
A Scholar and a Gentleman by Eliot Cohen
– Eliot Cohen, "A Scholar and a Gentleman," Weekly Standard, January 19, 2009.Excerpt: As the obituary notices will tell you, Samuel Huntington was a controversial figure. They lead, normally, with a reference to “Clash of Civilizations?” his 1993 Foreign… More
“A Zone of Deep Shadow”: Pedagogical and Familial Reflections on “The Clash of Civilizations”
– Jardine, David, Rahat Naqvi and Eric Jardine. ""A Zone of Deep Shadow": Pedagogical and Familial Reflections on "The Clash of Civilizations"." Interchange: A Quarterly Review of Education, Vol. 41:3 (2010): 209-232.This paper examines the media coverage of the murder of a young Muslim girl in Mississauga, Ontario in December 2007. We examine how that coverage moved from concerns for a terrible family… More
A Celebration of the Life and Thought of Samuel P. Huntington
From a panel sponsored by the National Endowment for Democracy. As was confirmed by the many tributes that marked his passing on December 24, Samuel P. Huntington was one of the greatest… More
Political Utilisation of Scholarly Ideas: the ‘Clash of Civilisations’ vs. ‘Soft Power’ in US Foreign Policy
– Erikkson, Johan and Ludvig Norman, "Political Utilisation of Scholarly Ideas: the 'Clash of Civilisations' vs. 'Soft Power' in US Foreign Policy." Review of International Studies 37:1 (Jan. 2011): 417-436.This article discusses how and under what conditions ideas coming from International Relations (IR) scholarship are used in foreign policy. We argue that the focus on policy relevance,… More
Samuel Huntington on the ‘Clash of Civilizations’
From the Charlie Rose Show.
Samuel Huntington’s Clash of Civilizations or Francis Fukuyama’s End of History?
In this 1992 lecture at the American Enterprise institute a young Francis Fukuyama best known as the author of The End of History and the Last Man challenges his former professor Samuel P.… More
American Civil-military Relations Today: The Continuing Relevance of Samuel P. Huntington’s The Soldier and the State
– Nielson, Suzanne. "American Civil-military Relations Today: the Continuing Relevance of Samuel P. Huntington’s The Soldier and the State." International Affairs, 88:2 (Mar. 2012): 369-376.Fifty-five years after it was first published, Samuel Huntington’s The soldier and the state remains an essential starting point for serious discussions of American civil–military… More
American Civil-Military Relations: Samuel P. Huntington and the Political Dimensions of Military Professionalism,
– Nix, Dwayne. "American Civil-Military Relations: Samuel P. Huntington and the Political Dimensions of Military Professionalism." Naval War College Review, 65:2 (Spring 2012): 88-104.Samuel P. Huntington died in December 2008, but this Harvard academic continues to have a significant impact on the conduct and state of American civil-military relations. Mackubin… More
Was Huntington Right? Revisiting the Clash of Civilizations
– Ayoob, Mohammed. "Was Huntington Right? Revisiting the Clash of Civilizations." Insight Turkey 14:4 (Fall 2012): 1-12.This essay is an attempt to revisit Samuel Huntington’s controversial thesis about a clash of civilizations. Though the author has been an early critique of Huntington, he finds… More
The Clash of Civilizations Revisited
– Huntington, Samuel P. The Clash of Civilizations Revisited. New Perspectives Quarterly v. 30, n. 4 (2013): 46-54.My view is that relations between countries in the coming decades are most likely to reflect their cultural commitments, their cultural ties and antagonism with other countries rather than… More
Anglosphere Exceptionalism
– Windschuttle, Keith. "Anglosphere Exceptionalism" New Criterion, 32:5 (Jan 2014): 23-29.In 1996, when I visited New York to speak at some local universities, I was surprised to read a story on the front page of The New York Times. The Republican Governor of the state, George… More
Essays
The Soldier and the State: The Theory and Politics of Civil-Military Relations
– Huntington, Samuel P. The Soldier and the State: The Theory and Politics of Civil-Military Relations. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1957.“In a classic work, Samuel P. Huntington challenges most of the old assumptions and ideas on the role of the military in society. Stressing the value of the military outlook for… More
Education and Military Leadership: A Study of the R.O.T.C. By Gene M. Lyons and John W. Masland
– Huntington, Samuel P. "Education and Military Leadership: A Study of the R.O.T.C. By Gene M. Lyons and John W. Masland." American Political Science Review v. 53, n. 4 (1959): 1154-1155.“This book claims to be simple an historical and analytical study of the relationship of ROTC programs to higher education and national defense. It is, however, much more than that.… More
Strategic Planning and the Political Process
– Huntington, Samuel P. "Strategic Planning and the Political Process." Foreign Affairs v. 38, n. 2 (1960): 285-299.For a decade or more statesmen and scholars have been unhappy about American methods of making decisions on strategic programs–that is, decisions on the over-all size of the military… More
The Common Defense: Strategic Programs in National Politics
– Huntington, Samuel P. The Common Defense: Strategic Programs in National Politics. New York, Columbia University Press, 1961.“Professor Robert Bowie of Harvard, who formerly headed the State Department’s policy planning staff, remarked a year ago that “we just don’t know much about …… More
The New Civil-Military Relations
– Lyons, Gene. "The New Civil-Military Relations." American Political Science Review 55 (March 1961): 53-60.“Historically the character of civil-military relations in the United States has been dominated by the concept of civilian control of the military. This has largely been a response to… More
Equilibrium and Disequilibrium in American Military Policy
– Huntington, Samuel P. "Equilibrium and Disequilibrium in American Military Policy." Political Science Quarterly v. 76, n. 4 (1961): 481-502.“For fifteen years American military policy has been in a state of turmoil and change. As a result, perhaps, stability has ranked high as a goal of military policy. In some respects… More
Interservice Competition and the Political Roles of the Armed Services
– Huntington, Samuel P. "Interservice Competition and the Political Roles of the Armed Services." The American Political Science Review v. 55, n. 1 (1961): 40-52.“Conventional wisdom” (to purloin a phrase from Galbraith) holds that interservice competition necessarily undermines economy, efficiency, and effective central control in the military… More
Changing Patterns of Military Politics in National Politics
– Ed. Huntington, Samuel. Changing Patterns of Military Politics in National Politics. New York: Free Press, 1962.“This book is a useful, if rather uneven, addition to the growing literature of military politics. As the third volume of the International Yearbook of Political Behavior… More
Power, Expertise and the Military Profession
– Huntington, Samuel P. "Power, Expertise and the Military Profession." Daedelus v. 92, n. 4 (1963): 785-807.Since 1945 the American military profession has been reeling under the impact of not one but two revolutions. The technological revolution has made the management of violence increasingly… More
Political Power: USA/USSR
– Brzezinsky, Zbigniew and Samuel P. Huntington. Political Power: USA/USSR. New York: Viking Press, 1964.“This is a stimulating study by two creative and productive young political scientists. Professor Brzezinski is the author of several important works on Soviet and Eastern European… More
Political Ideals and the Military Ethic
– Guttman, Allen. "Political Ideals and the Military Ethic." American Scholar 34:2 (Spring 1965): 221-237.“From the 1770s to the 1960s, from the Committee of Correspondence to S.N.C.C., American political rhetoric has remained remarkably constant. Liberty and equality. Although each… More
Introduction: Social Science and Vietnam
– Huntington, Samuel P. "Introduction: Social Science and Vietnam." Asian Survey v. 7, n. 8 (1967): 503-506.Political Development and the Decline of the American System of World Order
– Huntington, Samuel P. "Political Development and the Decline of the American System of World Order." Daedalus v. 96, n. 3 (1967): 927-929.“By the year 2000 it should be clear retrospectively that the dominant feature of international politics during the thirty years after WWII was neither the East-West confrontation… More
Foreign Aid for What and for Whom
– Huntington, Samuel P. "Foreign Aid for What and for Whom." Foreign Policy v. 1 (1970): 161-189.“Foreign Aid: Billions in Search of a Good Reason” was the title of a 1963 Fortune article by Charles J. V. Murphy. Seven years later, the billions may be fewer in number, but… More
Why “Foreign Policy”?
– Huntington, Samuel P. and Warren Demian Manshel. "Why "Foreign Policy"?" Foreign Policy v. 1 (1970): 3-5.The Professional Soldier: A Social and Political Portrait
– Janowitz, Morris. The Professional Soldier: A Social and Political Portrait. New York: The Free Press, 1971.“In his social profile of the professional soldier, Janowitz develops the basic distinction between “absolutist” and “pragmatist” approaches. Warfare –… More
Foreign Aid for What and for Whom (II)
– Huntington, Samuel P. "Foreign Aid for What and for Whom (II)." Foreign Policy v. 2 (1971): 114-134.“The year 1971 could be an historic one for US foreign aid. Congress and the President have the opportunity this year to make fundamental innovations. The effort is timely, for many… More
The Change to Change: Modernization, Development, and Politics
– Huntington, Samuel P. "The Change to Change: Modernization, Development, and Politics." Comparative Politics v. 3 n. 3 (1971): 283-322.It was not until the mid-1950s that a renaissance in the study of comparative politics got under way. Concern with modernization and the comparison of modern and traditional political… More
After Containment: The Functions of the Military Establishment
– Huntington, Samuel P. "After Containment: The Functions of the Military Establishment." Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science v. 406 (1973): 1-16.After World War II, the United States reconstituted its military policy for the third time in its history. A strategy of deterrence was adopted as the military counterpart to a foreign… More
Transnational Organizations in World Politics
– Huntington, Samuel P. "Transnational Organizations in World Politics." World Politics v. 25, n. 2 (1973): 333-368.These organizations appear to have little in common. They are public and private, national and international, profit-making and charitable, religious and secular, civil and military, and,… More
Postindustrial Politics: How Benign Will It Be?
– Huntington, Samuel P. "Postindustrial Politics: How Benign Will It Be?" Comparative Politics v. 6 n. 2 (1974): 163-191.The concept of postindustrial society was advanced in the early 1960s by Daniel Bell as a model of society comparable to, but significantly different from, models of industrial and agrarian… More
Trade, Technology, and Leverage: Economic Diplomacy
– Huntington, Samuel P, Franklyn Holzman, Richard Portes, John Kiser, Maurice J. Mountain, and Robert Klitgaard. "Trade, Technology, and Leverage: Economic Diplomacy." Foreign Policy v. 32 (1978): 63-106.An effective and realistic approach to US-Soviet economic relations today must reflect the key characteristics of the current phase of the superpower relationship. This phase differs… More
The Strategic Imperative: New Policies for American Security
– Ed. Huntington, Samuel P. The Strategic Imperative: New Policies for American Security. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1982.This product of Harvard’s new Program in National Security Studies is an interesting collection of essays which, in contrast to the Blechman volume (above), places comparatively… More
Living with Nuclear Weapons
– Carnesale, Albert, Paul Doty, Stanley Hoffman, Samuel P. Huntington, Joseph D. Nye Jr., Scott Sagan, Derek Bok. Living with Nuclear Weapons. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1983.At the request of the President of Harvard University, six Harvard scholars have joined forces to write a book that lays out the facts about nuclear weapons for all concerned citizens who… More
Conventional Deterrence and Conventional Retaliation in Europe
– Huntington, Samuel P. "Conventional Deterrence and Conventional Retaliation in Europe." International Security v. 8, n. 3 (1983): 32-56.For a quarter century the slow but continuing trend in NATO strategy – and in thinking about NATO strategy – has been from emphasis on nuclear deterrence to emphasis on… More
Reorganizing America’s Defense: Leadership in War and Peace
– Art, Robert J., Vincent Davis, and Samuel Huntington. Reorganizing America’s Defense: Leadership in War and Peace. Washington, DC: Pergamon-Brassey, 1985.Coping with the Lippmann Gap
– Huntington, Samuel P. "Coping with the Lippmann Gap." Foreign Affairs v. 66, n. 3 (1987): 453-477.Foreign policy,” wrote Walter Lippmann in 1943 in an oft-quoted phrase, “consists in bringing into balance, with a comfortable surplus of power in reserve, the nation’s… More
Vietnam Report: Response
– Huntington, Samuel P. "Vietnam Report: Response." Science 235 (1987): 1448.The U.S.: Decline or Renewal?
– Huntington, Samuel P. "The U.S.: Decline or Renewal?" Foreign Affairs v. 67, n. 2 (1988): 76-96.In 1988 the United States reached the zenith of its fifth wave of declinism since the 1950s. The roots of this phenomenon lie in the political economy literature of the early 1980s that… More
The Concept of Military Professionalism
– Harries-Jenkins, Gwyn. "The Concept of Military Professionalism." Defense Analysis 6:2 (Jun. 1990): 117-130.“The publication in 1957 of Huntington’s The Soldier and the State and of Janowitz’s The Professional Soldier 3 years later stimulated considerable interest in the study… More
The Long Shadow of the Soldier and the State
– Coffman, Edward. "The Long Shadow of the Soldier and the State." The Journal of Military History. 55:1 (Jan. 1991): 69-82.If Not Civilizations, What? Paradigms of the Post-Cold War World
– Huntington, Samuel P. "If Not Civilizations, What? Paradigms of the Post-Cold War World." Foreign Affairs v. 72, n. 5 (1993): 186-194.When people think seriously, they think abstractly; they conjure up simplified pictures of reality called concepts, theories, models, paradigms. Without such intellectual constructs, there… More
Why International Primacy Matters
– Huntington, Samuel P. "Why International Primacy Matters." International Security v. 17, n. 4 (1993): 68-83.Does international primacy matter? The answer seems so obvious that one first wonders why someone as intelligent, perceptive, and knowledgeable as Robert Jervis raises the question. On… More
An Exchange on Civil-Military Relations
– Kohn, Richard, Colin Powell, John Lehman, William Odom, Samuel Huntington, "An Exchange on Civil-Military Relations," The National Interest 36 (Summer 1994): 23-31“Of all the problems facing the nation, a crisis in civil-military relations is not one of them and things are not out of control. Mr. Kohn lays major responsibility for this… More
The Clash of Civilizations: The Debate
– Ed. Huntington, Samuel P. The Clash of Civilizations: The Debate. New York: Foreign Affairs, 1996.According to Samuel Huntington’s seminal 1993 essay, The Clash of Civilizations, world politics is entering a new phase, in which the great divisions among humankind and the… More
The Civil-military Problematique: Huntington, Janowitz and the Question of Civilian Control
– Feaver, Peter. "The Civil-military Problematique: Huntington, Janowitz and the Question of Civilian Control." Armed Forces and Society: An Interdisciplinary Journal 23:2 (Winter 1996): 149-178.“The alleged crisis in American civil-military relations has revived a long-standing theoretical debate about the determinants of civilian control. So far, the debate has followed… More
An American Crisis in Civilian Control and Civil-military Relations?
– Feaver, Peter D. "An American Crisis in Civilian Control and Civil-military Relations?" Tocqueville Review 17:1 (1996): 159-182.The West: Unique, Not Universal
– Huntington, Samuel P. "The West: Unique, Not Universal." Foreign Affairs v. 75, n. 6 (1996): 28.In recent years Westerners have reassured themselves and irritated others by expounding the notion that the culture of the West is and ought to be the culture of the world. This conceit… More
The Erosion of American National Interests
– Huntington, Samuel P. "The Erosion of American National Interests." Foreign Affairs v. 76, n. 5 (1997): 28.The years since the end of the Cold War have seen intense, wide-ranging, and confused debates about American national interests. Much of this confusion stems from the complexity of the… More
The Promise of Globalization or the Clash of Civilizations
– Neckerman, Peter. "The Promise of Globalization or the Clash of Civilizations." World and I 13:2 (Dec. 1998): 314.“If I were asked to give a name to our century, I would not hesitate for a single moment. I would call it the “Century of Globalization,” because this will be its lasting… More
A Clash of Civilizations: An Idée Fixe?
– Senghaas, Deiter. "A Clash of Civilizations: An Idée Fixe?" Journal of Peace Research 35:1 (Jan 1998): 127-132.Huntington’s thesis on the prospective clash of civilizations is criticized in two directions: neither the original article or the book gives any systematic analysis of the inherent… More
From Modernization Theory Towards the ‘Clash of Civilizations’: Directions and Paradigm Shifts in Samuel Huntington’s Analysis and Prognosis of Global Development
– Kreutzmann, Hermann. "From Modernization Theory Towards the 'Clash of Civilizations': Directions and Paradigm Shifts in Samuel Huntington's Analysis and Prognosis of Global Development." GeoJournal, 46:4 (1998): 255-265.This paper critically discusses Samuel Huntington’s contribution to development studies. Long before his currently debated work on the clash of civilizations, Huntington wrote on the… More
Samuel Huntington and Communist Civil-Military Relations
– Herspring, Dale. "Samuel Huntington and Communist Civil-Military Relations." Armed Forces and Society: An Interdisciplinary Journal 25:4 (Summer 1999): 557-577.“Contrary to Huntington’s hypothesis, analysis suggests that the relationship between the party-political apparatus and line elements of the armed forces of the former Soviet… More
Managing the ‘Expert Problem’ in Civil-Military Relations
– Bland, Douglas. "Managing the 'Expert Problem' in Civil-Military Relations." European Security 8:3 (Autumn 1999): 25-43.Samuel Huntington once defined ‘the modern problem of civil‐military relations’ as managing the relationship between military experts and civilian ministers. The expert/minister… More
The Lonely Superpower
– Huntington, Samuel P. "The Lonely Superpower." Foreign Affairs v. 78, n. 2 (1999): 35.During the past decade global politics has changed fundamentally in two ways. First, it has been substantially reconfigured along cultural and civilizational lines, as I have highlighted in… More
Clash of Civilizations, or Realism and Liberalism Déjà Vu? Some Evidence
– Russett, Bruce and John Oneal and Michaelene Cox. "Clash of Civilizations, or Realism and Liberalism Déjà Vu? Some Evidence." Journal of Peace Research 37:5 (Sep. 2000): 583-608.We assess the degree to which propositions from Samuel Huntington’s The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order can account for the incidence of militarized interstate… More
Globalization and Political Strategy
– Jameson, Fredric. "Globalization and Political Strategy." New Left Review 4 (2000): 49-68.Attempts to define globalization often seem little better than so many ideological appropriations—discussions not of the process itself, but of its effects, good or bad: judgements, in… More
Robust Nationalism
– Huntington, Samuel P. "Robust Nationalism." The National Interest v. 58 (2000): 31.Is there such a thing as a conservative foreign policy? There was during the Cold War, but now the answer appears to be “no.” People who consider themselves conservative and are… More
Dialogue Among Civilizations: Possibilities after Huntington
– Healey, Stephen. "Dialogue Among Civilizations: Possibilities after Huntington." International Journal on World Peace. 18:1 (Mar. 2001): 7-14.“Samuel Huntington’s 1993 Foreign Affairs article “The Clash of Civilizations?” was greeted with a hailstorm of protest, but many also felt that Huntington had grasped something… More
Clear and Present Strangers: The Clash of Civilizations and International Conflict
– Henderson, Erroll and Richard Tucker. "Clear and Present Strangers: The Clash of Civilizations and International Conflict." International Studies Quarterly 45:2 (Jun. 2001): 317-338.“Huntington’s (1993a, 1993b, 1996) clash of civilizations thesis suggests that states belonging to different civilizations are more likely to become involved in conflict with… More
Two Civilizations and Ethnic Conflict: Islam and the West
– Fox, Jonathan. "Two Civilizations and Ethnic Conflict: Islam and the West." Journal of Peace Research 38:4 (Jul. 2001): 459-472.Samuel Huntington’s controversial ‘Clash of Civilizations’ argument posits, among other things, that the extent of both international and domestic conflict between… More
Islamic Culture and Democracy: Testing the ‘Clash of Civilizations’ Thesis
– Inglehard, Ronald. "Islamic Culture and Democracy: Testing the 'Clash of Civilizations' Thesis." Comparative Sociology 1:3 (2002): 235-263.In seeking to understand the root causes of the events of 9/11 many accounts have turned to Samuel P. Huntington’s provocative and controversial thesis of a “clash of… More
Islam and the West
– Bilgrami, Akeel. "Islam and the West." Philosophy & Social Criticism 38:5 (2002): 477-483.This short essay analyzes the deception and self-deception in talk of ‘the clash of civilizations’ and proceeds to diagnose what is wrong in the standard understanding of Islam in the… More
If Not a Clash, Then What? Huntington, Nishida Kitaro and the Politics of Civilizations
– Jones, Christopher. "If Not a Clash, Then What? Huntington, Nishida Kitaro and the Politics of Civilizations." International Relations of the Asia Pacific 2.2 (Aug 1, 2002): 223-243.The debate surrounding Samuel Huntington’s influential Clash of Civilizations thesis has been focused too narrowly on the accuracy of his categorization of civilizations. This focus… More
Is There a Clash of Civilizations? Evidence from Patterns of International Conflict Involvement, 1946-97
– Chiozza, Giacomo. "Is There a Clash of Civilizations? Evidence from Patterns of International Conflict Involvement, 1946-97." Journal of Peace Research 39:6 (Nov. 2002): 711-734.This article offers an empirical test of Huntington’s thesis in The Clash of Civilizations. Huntington argues that states belonging to different civilizations will have a higher… More
The ‘Clash of Civilizations’ and Postcommunist Europe
– Miller, Bill. "The 'Clash of Civilizations' and Postcommunist Europe." Comparative European Politics 1:2 (2003): 111-127.Samuel Huntington’s ‘clash of civilizations’ thesis has been widely disputed, but rarely challenged on the basis of individual-level data. Focusing on two postcommunist societies… More
Samuel Huntington and the Geopolitics of American Identity: The Function of Foreign Policy in America’s Domestic Clash of Civilizations
– El-Din, Aysha. "Samuel Huntington and the Geopolitics of American Identity: The Function of Foreign Policy in America's Domestic Clash of Civilizations." International Studies Review, 5:1 (2003): 53-76.The clash of civilizations thesis’s true origins lie partly in problems Samuel Huntington sees brewing in his own country. His thesis is to a considerable extent an externalization of… More
Huntington’s Shift to the Declinist Camp: Conservative Declinism and the ‘Historical Function’ of the Clash of Civilizations
– El-Din, Aysha. "Huntington’s Shift to the Declinist Camp: Conservative Declinism and the ‘Historical Function’ of the Clash of Civilizations." International Relations 17:4 (2003): 429-452.Samuel Huntington, a severe critic of decline theory and an adamant revivalist, shifted radically to the declinist camp with the end of the Cold War, his penultimate declinist vision being… More
The Irony of Western Ideas in a Multicultural World: Russians’ Intellectual Engagement with the “End of History” and “Clash of Civilizations
– Tsygankov, Andrei. "The Irony of Western Ideas in a Multicultural World: Russians' Intellectual Engagement with the 'End of History' and 'Clash of Civilizations.'" International Studies Review 5:1 (Mar. 2003), 53-76.International ideas can make important contributions to how local cultures and civilizations perceive each other. Indeed, ideas formulated in one society can be misunderstood by the… More
The US Media, Huntington and September 11
– Abrahamian, Ervand. "The US Media, Huntington and September 11." Third World Quarterly, 24:3 (Jun. 2003): 529-544.The mainstream quality media in the USA—unlike that of Europe— framed September 11 within the context of Islam, culture and civilisations. In other words, it explained the crisis by… More
Armed Servants: Agency, Oversight, and Civil-Military Relations
– Feaver, Peter. Armed Servants: Agency, Oversight, and Civil-Military Relations. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2003.How do civilians control the military? In the wake of September 11, the renewed presence of national security in everyday life has made this question all the more pressing. In this book,… More
Two Wests
– Huntington, Samuel P and Anthony Giddens. "Two Wests." New Perspectives Quarterly v. 20, n. 4 (2003): 37-43.The central division in the West is one which so many people have focused on: the difference in power between the United States and Europe. This division naturally gives rise to… More
The News Media and the “Clash of Civilizations”
– Seib, Philip. "The News Media and the 'Clash of Civilizations.'" Parameters 34:4 (Winter 2004): 71-86.The “call to jihad is rising in the streets of Europe, and is being answered,” reported The New York Times in April 2004. The Times story quoted a Muslim cleric in Britain touting the… More
Who Are We?: The Challenges to America’s National Identity
– Huntington, Samuel P. Who Are We?: The Challenges to America’s National Identity. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2005.In his seminal work The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order, Samuel Huntington argued provocatively and presciently that with the end of the cold war,… More
Not Letting Evidence Get in the Way of Assumptions: Testing the Clash of Civilizations Thesis with More Recent Data
– Henderson, Errol A. "Not Letting Evidence Get in the Way of Assumptions: Testing the Clash of Civilizations Thesis with More Recent Data." International Politics 42:4 (2005): 458-469.In this research note I examine Huntington’s ‘clash of civilizations’ thesis in the light of his arguments to his detractors to apply his thesis to post-Cold War armed… More
Huntington’s Dog that Didn’t Bark: Africa in the “Clash of Civilizations”
– Hawker, Geoffrey. "Huntington's Dog that Didn't Bark: Africa in the 'Clash of Civilizations.'" Journal of Contemporary Analysis. 77:3 (May-June 2005): 7-11.Paradigm Lost: Huntington’s Unfulfilled Clash of Civilizations Prediction into the 21st Century
– Fox, Jonathan. "Paradigm Lost: Huntington's Unfulfilled Clash of Civilizations Prediction into the 21st Century." International Politics 42:4 (Dec. 2005): 428-457.This study addresses a gap in the quantitative literature which tests Samuel Huntington’s Clash of Civilization theory (CoC). Nearly all of the quantitative studies which directly… More
Political Islam, Clash of Civilizations, U.S. Dominance and Arab Support of Attacks on America: A Test of a Hierarchical Model
– Mostafa Mohammed and Mohanedt Al-Hamdi, "Political Islam, Clash of Civilizations, U.S. Dominance and Arab Support of Attacks on America: A Test of a Hierarchical Model." Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, 30:8 (2007): 723-736.This study examines two theses used to explain Arab support of the 11 September attacks on the United States: clash of civilizations and anti-dominance reaction to perceived American… More
The Future of Freedom: Illiberal democracy at home and abroad
– Zakaria, Fareed. The Future of Freedom: Illiberal Democracy at Home and Abroad. New York: Norton & Co, 2007.Translated into twenty languages The Future of Freedom is a modern classic that uses historical analysis to shed light on the present, examining how democracy has changed our politics,… More
US Civil-military Relations Challenged by the Iraqi case — Functional Dualism and Strategic Splitting
– Duran, Etienne. "US civil-military Relations Challenged by the Iraqi case — Functional Dualism and Strategic Splitting." Revue Internationale de Politque Comparee 15:1 (2008) 93-116.American Civil-Military Relations: The Soldier and the State in a New Era
– Eds. Nielson, Suzanne and Don Snider. American Civil-Military Relations: The Soldier and the State in a New Era. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2009.American Civil-Military Relations offers the first comprehensive assessment of the subject since the publication of Samuel P. Huntington’s field-defining book, The Soldier and the State.… More
A Scholar and a Gentleman by Eliot Cohen
– Eliot Cohen, "A Scholar and a Gentleman," Weekly Standard, January 19, 2009.Excerpt: As the obituary notices will tell you, Samuel Huntington was a controversial figure. They lead, normally, with a reference to “Clash of Civilizations?” his 1993 Foreign… More
“A Zone of Deep Shadow”: Pedagogical and Familial Reflections on “The Clash of Civilizations”
– Jardine, David, Rahat Naqvi and Eric Jardine. ""A Zone of Deep Shadow": Pedagogical and Familial Reflections on "The Clash of Civilizations"." Interchange: A Quarterly Review of Education, Vol. 41:3 (2010): 209-232.This paper examines the media coverage of the murder of a young Muslim girl in Mississauga, Ontario in December 2007. We examine how that coverage moved from concerns for a terrible family… More
A Celebration of the Life and Thought of Samuel P. Huntington
From a panel sponsored by the National Endowment for Democracy. As was confirmed by the many tributes that marked his passing on December 24, Samuel P. Huntington was one of the greatest… More
Political Utilisation of Scholarly Ideas: the ‘Clash of Civilisations’ vs. ‘Soft Power’ in US Foreign Policy
– Erikkson, Johan and Ludvig Norman, "Political Utilisation of Scholarly Ideas: the 'Clash of Civilisations' vs. 'Soft Power' in US Foreign Policy." Review of International Studies 37:1 (Jan. 2011): 417-436.This article discusses how and under what conditions ideas coming from International Relations (IR) scholarship are used in foreign policy. We argue that the focus on policy relevance,… More
Samuel Huntington on the ‘Clash of Civilizations’
From the Charlie Rose Show.
Samuel Huntington’s Clash of Civilizations or Francis Fukuyama’s End of History?
In this 1992 lecture at the American Enterprise institute a young Francis Fukuyama best known as the author of The End of History and the Last Man challenges his former professor Samuel P.… More
American Civil-military Relations Today: The Continuing Relevance of Samuel P. Huntington’s The Soldier and the State
– Nielson, Suzanne. "American Civil-military Relations Today: the Continuing Relevance of Samuel P. Huntington’s The Soldier and the State." International Affairs, 88:2 (Mar. 2012): 369-376.Fifty-five years after it was first published, Samuel Huntington’s The soldier and the state remains an essential starting point for serious discussions of American civil–military… More
American Civil-Military Relations: Samuel P. Huntington and the Political Dimensions of Military Professionalism,
– Nix, Dwayne. "American Civil-Military Relations: Samuel P. Huntington and the Political Dimensions of Military Professionalism." Naval War College Review, 65:2 (Spring 2012): 88-104.Samuel P. Huntington died in December 2008, but this Harvard academic continues to have a significant impact on the conduct and state of American civil-military relations. Mackubin… More
Was Huntington Right? Revisiting the Clash of Civilizations
– Ayoob, Mohammed. "Was Huntington Right? Revisiting the Clash of Civilizations." Insight Turkey 14:4 (Fall 2012): 1-12.This essay is an attempt to revisit Samuel Huntington’s controversial thesis about a clash of civilizations. Though the author has been an early critique of Huntington, he finds… More
The Clash of Civilizations Revisited
– Huntington, Samuel P. The Clash of Civilizations Revisited. New Perspectives Quarterly v. 30, n. 4 (2013): 46-54.My view is that relations between countries in the coming decades are most likely to reflect their cultural commitments, their cultural ties and antagonism with other countries rather than… More
Anglosphere Exceptionalism
– Windschuttle, Keith. "Anglosphere Exceptionalism" New Criterion, 32:5 (Jan 2014): 23-29.In 1996, when I visited New York to speak at some local universities, I was surprised to read a story on the front page of The New York Times. The Republican Governor of the state, George… More
Commentary
The Soldier and the State: The Theory and Politics of Civil-Military Relations
– Huntington, Samuel P. The Soldier and the State: The Theory and Politics of Civil-Military Relations. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1957.“In a classic work, Samuel P. Huntington challenges most of the old assumptions and ideas on the role of the military in society. Stressing the value of the military outlook for… More
Education and Military Leadership: A Study of the R.O.T.C. By Gene M. Lyons and John W. Masland
– Huntington, Samuel P. "Education and Military Leadership: A Study of the R.O.T.C. By Gene M. Lyons and John W. Masland." American Political Science Review v. 53, n. 4 (1959): 1154-1155.“This book claims to be simple an historical and analytical study of the relationship of ROTC programs to higher education and national defense. It is, however, much more than that.… More
Strategic Planning and the Political Process
– Huntington, Samuel P. "Strategic Planning and the Political Process." Foreign Affairs v. 38, n. 2 (1960): 285-299.For a decade or more statesmen and scholars have been unhappy about American methods of making decisions on strategic programs–that is, decisions on the over-all size of the military… More
The Common Defense: Strategic Programs in National Politics
– Huntington, Samuel P. The Common Defense: Strategic Programs in National Politics. New York, Columbia University Press, 1961.“Professor Robert Bowie of Harvard, who formerly headed the State Department’s policy planning staff, remarked a year ago that “we just don’t know much about …… More
The New Civil-Military Relations
– Lyons, Gene. "The New Civil-Military Relations." American Political Science Review 55 (March 1961): 53-60.“Historically the character of civil-military relations in the United States has been dominated by the concept of civilian control of the military. This has largely been a response to… More
Equilibrium and Disequilibrium in American Military Policy
– Huntington, Samuel P. "Equilibrium and Disequilibrium in American Military Policy." Political Science Quarterly v. 76, n. 4 (1961): 481-502.“For fifteen years American military policy has been in a state of turmoil and change. As a result, perhaps, stability has ranked high as a goal of military policy. In some respects… More
Interservice Competition and the Political Roles of the Armed Services
– Huntington, Samuel P. "Interservice Competition and the Political Roles of the Armed Services." The American Political Science Review v. 55, n. 1 (1961): 40-52.“Conventional wisdom” (to purloin a phrase from Galbraith) holds that interservice competition necessarily undermines economy, efficiency, and effective central control in the military… More
Changing Patterns of Military Politics in National Politics
– Ed. Huntington, Samuel. Changing Patterns of Military Politics in National Politics. New York: Free Press, 1962.“This book is a useful, if rather uneven, addition to the growing literature of military politics. As the third volume of the International Yearbook of Political Behavior… More
Power, Expertise and the Military Profession
– Huntington, Samuel P. "Power, Expertise and the Military Profession." Daedelus v. 92, n. 4 (1963): 785-807.Since 1945 the American military profession has been reeling under the impact of not one but two revolutions. The technological revolution has made the management of violence increasingly… More
Political Power: USA/USSR
– Brzezinsky, Zbigniew and Samuel P. Huntington. Political Power: USA/USSR. New York: Viking Press, 1964.“This is a stimulating study by two creative and productive young political scientists. Professor Brzezinski is the author of several important works on Soviet and Eastern European… More
Political Ideals and the Military Ethic
– Guttman, Allen. "Political Ideals and the Military Ethic." American Scholar 34:2 (Spring 1965): 221-237.“From the 1770s to the 1960s, from the Committee of Correspondence to S.N.C.C., American political rhetoric has remained remarkably constant. Liberty and equality. Although each… More
Introduction: Social Science and Vietnam
– Huntington, Samuel P. "Introduction: Social Science and Vietnam." Asian Survey v. 7, n. 8 (1967): 503-506.Political Development and the Decline of the American System of World Order
– Huntington, Samuel P. "Political Development and the Decline of the American System of World Order." Daedalus v. 96, n. 3 (1967): 927-929.“By the year 2000 it should be clear retrospectively that the dominant feature of international politics during the thirty years after WWII was neither the East-West confrontation… More
Foreign Aid for What and for Whom
– Huntington, Samuel P. "Foreign Aid for What and for Whom." Foreign Policy v. 1 (1970): 161-189.“Foreign Aid: Billions in Search of a Good Reason” was the title of a 1963 Fortune article by Charles J. V. Murphy. Seven years later, the billions may be fewer in number, but… More
Why “Foreign Policy”?
– Huntington, Samuel P. and Warren Demian Manshel. "Why "Foreign Policy"?" Foreign Policy v. 1 (1970): 3-5.The Professional Soldier: A Social and Political Portrait
– Janowitz, Morris. The Professional Soldier: A Social and Political Portrait. New York: The Free Press, 1971.“In his social profile of the professional soldier, Janowitz develops the basic distinction between “absolutist” and “pragmatist” approaches. Warfare –… More
Foreign Aid for What and for Whom (II)
– Huntington, Samuel P. "Foreign Aid for What and for Whom (II)." Foreign Policy v. 2 (1971): 114-134.“The year 1971 could be an historic one for US foreign aid. Congress and the President have the opportunity this year to make fundamental innovations. The effort is timely, for many… More
The Change to Change: Modernization, Development, and Politics
– Huntington, Samuel P. "The Change to Change: Modernization, Development, and Politics." Comparative Politics v. 3 n. 3 (1971): 283-322.It was not until the mid-1950s that a renaissance in the study of comparative politics got under way. Concern with modernization and the comparison of modern and traditional political… More
After Containment: The Functions of the Military Establishment
– Huntington, Samuel P. "After Containment: The Functions of the Military Establishment." Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science v. 406 (1973): 1-16.After World War II, the United States reconstituted its military policy for the third time in its history. A strategy of deterrence was adopted as the military counterpart to a foreign… More
Transnational Organizations in World Politics
– Huntington, Samuel P. "Transnational Organizations in World Politics." World Politics v. 25, n. 2 (1973): 333-368.These organizations appear to have little in common. They are public and private, national and international, profit-making and charitable, religious and secular, civil and military, and,… More
Postindustrial Politics: How Benign Will It Be?
– Huntington, Samuel P. "Postindustrial Politics: How Benign Will It Be?" Comparative Politics v. 6 n. 2 (1974): 163-191.The concept of postindustrial society was advanced in the early 1960s by Daniel Bell as a model of society comparable to, but significantly different from, models of industrial and agrarian… More
Trade, Technology, and Leverage: Economic Diplomacy
– Huntington, Samuel P, Franklyn Holzman, Richard Portes, John Kiser, Maurice J. Mountain, and Robert Klitgaard. "Trade, Technology, and Leverage: Economic Diplomacy." Foreign Policy v. 32 (1978): 63-106.An effective and realistic approach to US-Soviet economic relations today must reflect the key characteristics of the current phase of the superpower relationship. This phase differs… More
The Strategic Imperative: New Policies for American Security
– Ed. Huntington, Samuel P. The Strategic Imperative: New Policies for American Security. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1982.This product of Harvard’s new Program in National Security Studies is an interesting collection of essays which, in contrast to the Blechman volume (above), places comparatively… More
Living with Nuclear Weapons
– Carnesale, Albert, Paul Doty, Stanley Hoffman, Samuel P. Huntington, Joseph D. Nye Jr., Scott Sagan, Derek Bok. Living with Nuclear Weapons. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1983.At the request of the President of Harvard University, six Harvard scholars have joined forces to write a book that lays out the facts about nuclear weapons for all concerned citizens who… More
Conventional Deterrence and Conventional Retaliation in Europe
– Huntington, Samuel P. "Conventional Deterrence and Conventional Retaliation in Europe." International Security v. 8, n. 3 (1983): 32-56.For a quarter century the slow but continuing trend in NATO strategy – and in thinking about NATO strategy – has been from emphasis on nuclear deterrence to emphasis on… More
Reorganizing America’s Defense: Leadership in War and Peace
– Art, Robert J., Vincent Davis, and Samuel Huntington. Reorganizing America’s Defense: Leadership in War and Peace. Washington, DC: Pergamon-Brassey, 1985.Coping with the Lippmann Gap
– Huntington, Samuel P. "Coping with the Lippmann Gap." Foreign Affairs v. 66, n. 3 (1987): 453-477.Foreign policy,” wrote Walter Lippmann in 1943 in an oft-quoted phrase, “consists in bringing into balance, with a comfortable surplus of power in reserve, the nation’s… More
Vietnam Report: Response
– Huntington, Samuel P. "Vietnam Report: Response." Science 235 (1987): 1448.The U.S.: Decline or Renewal?
– Huntington, Samuel P. "The U.S.: Decline or Renewal?" Foreign Affairs v. 67, n. 2 (1988): 76-96.In 1988 the United States reached the zenith of its fifth wave of declinism since the 1950s. The roots of this phenomenon lie in the political economy literature of the early 1980s that… More
The Concept of Military Professionalism
– Harries-Jenkins, Gwyn. "The Concept of Military Professionalism." Defense Analysis 6:2 (Jun. 1990): 117-130.“The publication in 1957 of Huntington’s The Soldier and the State and of Janowitz’s The Professional Soldier 3 years later stimulated considerable interest in the study… More
The Long Shadow of the Soldier and the State
– Coffman, Edward. "The Long Shadow of the Soldier and the State." The Journal of Military History. 55:1 (Jan. 1991): 69-82.If Not Civilizations, What? Paradigms of the Post-Cold War World
– Huntington, Samuel P. "If Not Civilizations, What? Paradigms of the Post-Cold War World." Foreign Affairs v. 72, n. 5 (1993): 186-194.When people think seriously, they think abstractly; they conjure up simplified pictures of reality called concepts, theories, models, paradigms. Without such intellectual constructs, there… More
Why International Primacy Matters
– Huntington, Samuel P. "Why International Primacy Matters." International Security v. 17, n. 4 (1993): 68-83.Does international primacy matter? The answer seems so obvious that one first wonders why someone as intelligent, perceptive, and knowledgeable as Robert Jervis raises the question. On… More
An Exchange on Civil-Military Relations
– Kohn, Richard, Colin Powell, John Lehman, William Odom, Samuel Huntington, "An Exchange on Civil-Military Relations," The National Interest 36 (Summer 1994): 23-31“Of all the problems facing the nation, a crisis in civil-military relations is not one of them and things are not out of control. Mr. Kohn lays major responsibility for this… More
The Clash of Civilizations: The Debate
– Ed. Huntington, Samuel P. The Clash of Civilizations: The Debate. New York: Foreign Affairs, 1996.According to Samuel Huntington’s seminal 1993 essay, The Clash of Civilizations, world politics is entering a new phase, in which the great divisions among humankind and the… More
The Civil-military Problematique: Huntington, Janowitz and the Question of Civilian Control
– Feaver, Peter. "The Civil-military Problematique: Huntington, Janowitz and the Question of Civilian Control." Armed Forces and Society: An Interdisciplinary Journal 23:2 (Winter 1996): 149-178.“The alleged crisis in American civil-military relations has revived a long-standing theoretical debate about the determinants of civilian control. So far, the debate has followed… More
An American Crisis in Civilian Control and Civil-military Relations?
– Feaver, Peter D. "An American Crisis in Civilian Control and Civil-military Relations?" Tocqueville Review 17:1 (1996): 159-182.The West: Unique, Not Universal
– Huntington, Samuel P. "The West: Unique, Not Universal." Foreign Affairs v. 75, n. 6 (1996): 28.In recent years Westerners have reassured themselves and irritated others by expounding the notion that the culture of the West is and ought to be the culture of the world. This conceit… More
The Erosion of American National Interests
– Huntington, Samuel P. "The Erosion of American National Interests." Foreign Affairs v. 76, n. 5 (1997): 28.The years since the end of the Cold War have seen intense, wide-ranging, and confused debates about American national interests. Much of this confusion stems from the complexity of the… More
The Promise of Globalization or the Clash of Civilizations
– Neckerman, Peter. "The Promise of Globalization or the Clash of Civilizations." World and I 13:2 (Dec. 1998): 314.“If I were asked to give a name to our century, I would not hesitate for a single moment. I would call it the “Century of Globalization,” because this will be its lasting… More
A Clash of Civilizations: An Idée Fixe?
– Senghaas, Deiter. "A Clash of Civilizations: An Idée Fixe?" Journal of Peace Research 35:1 (Jan 1998): 127-132.Huntington’s thesis on the prospective clash of civilizations is criticized in two directions: neither the original article or the book gives any systematic analysis of the inherent… More
From Modernization Theory Towards the ‘Clash of Civilizations’: Directions and Paradigm Shifts in Samuel Huntington’s Analysis and Prognosis of Global Development
– Kreutzmann, Hermann. "From Modernization Theory Towards the 'Clash of Civilizations': Directions and Paradigm Shifts in Samuel Huntington's Analysis and Prognosis of Global Development." GeoJournal, 46:4 (1998): 255-265.This paper critically discusses Samuel Huntington’s contribution to development studies. Long before his currently debated work on the clash of civilizations, Huntington wrote on the… More
Samuel Huntington and Communist Civil-Military Relations
– Herspring, Dale. "Samuel Huntington and Communist Civil-Military Relations." Armed Forces and Society: An Interdisciplinary Journal 25:4 (Summer 1999): 557-577.“Contrary to Huntington’s hypothesis, analysis suggests that the relationship between the party-political apparatus and line elements of the armed forces of the former Soviet… More
Managing the ‘Expert Problem’ in Civil-Military Relations
– Bland, Douglas. "Managing the 'Expert Problem' in Civil-Military Relations." European Security 8:3 (Autumn 1999): 25-43.Samuel Huntington once defined ‘the modern problem of civil‐military relations’ as managing the relationship between military experts and civilian ministers. The expert/minister… More
The Lonely Superpower
– Huntington, Samuel P. "The Lonely Superpower." Foreign Affairs v. 78, n. 2 (1999): 35.During the past decade global politics has changed fundamentally in two ways. First, it has been substantially reconfigured along cultural and civilizational lines, as I have highlighted in… More
Clash of Civilizations, or Realism and Liberalism Déjà Vu? Some Evidence
– Russett, Bruce and John Oneal and Michaelene Cox. "Clash of Civilizations, or Realism and Liberalism Déjà Vu? Some Evidence." Journal of Peace Research 37:5 (Sep. 2000): 583-608.We assess the degree to which propositions from Samuel Huntington’s The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order can account for the incidence of militarized interstate… More
Globalization and Political Strategy
– Jameson, Fredric. "Globalization and Political Strategy." New Left Review 4 (2000): 49-68.Attempts to define globalization often seem little better than so many ideological appropriations—discussions not of the process itself, but of its effects, good or bad: judgements, in… More
Robust Nationalism
– Huntington, Samuel P. "Robust Nationalism." The National Interest v. 58 (2000): 31.Is there such a thing as a conservative foreign policy? There was during the Cold War, but now the answer appears to be “no.” People who consider themselves conservative and are… More
Dialogue Among Civilizations: Possibilities after Huntington
– Healey, Stephen. "Dialogue Among Civilizations: Possibilities after Huntington." International Journal on World Peace. 18:1 (Mar. 2001): 7-14.“Samuel Huntington’s 1993 Foreign Affairs article “The Clash of Civilizations?” was greeted with a hailstorm of protest, but many also felt that Huntington had grasped something… More
Clear and Present Strangers: The Clash of Civilizations and International Conflict
– Henderson, Erroll and Richard Tucker. "Clear and Present Strangers: The Clash of Civilizations and International Conflict." International Studies Quarterly 45:2 (Jun. 2001): 317-338.“Huntington’s (1993a, 1993b, 1996) clash of civilizations thesis suggests that states belonging to different civilizations are more likely to become involved in conflict with… More
Two Civilizations and Ethnic Conflict: Islam and the West
– Fox, Jonathan. "Two Civilizations and Ethnic Conflict: Islam and the West." Journal of Peace Research 38:4 (Jul. 2001): 459-472.Samuel Huntington’s controversial ‘Clash of Civilizations’ argument posits, among other things, that the extent of both international and domestic conflict between… More
Islamic Culture and Democracy: Testing the ‘Clash of Civilizations’ Thesis
– Inglehard, Ronald. "Islamic Culture and Democracy: Testing the 'Clash of Civilizations' Thesis." Comparative Sociology 1:3 (2002): 235-263.In seeking to understand the root causes of the events of 9/11 many accounts have turned to Samuel P. Huntington’s provocative and controversial thesis of a “clash of… More
Islam and the West
– Bilgrami, Akeel. "Islam and the West." Philosophy & Social Criticism 38:5 (2002): 477-483.This short essay analyzes the deception and self-deception in talk of ‘the clash of civilizations’ and proceeds to diagnose what is wrong in the standard understanding of Islam in the… More
If Not a Clash, Then What? Huntington, Nishida Kitaro and the Politics of Civilizations
– Jones, Christopher. "If Not a Clash, Then What? Huntington, Nishida Kitaro and the Politics of Civilizations." International Relations of the Asia Pacific 2.2 (Aug 1, 2002): 223-243.The debate surrounding Samuel Huntington’s influential Clash of Civilizations thesis has been focused too narrowly on the accuracy of his categorization of civilizations. This focus… More
Is There a Clash of Civilizations? Evidence from Patterns of International Conflict Involvement, 1946-97
– Chiozza, Giacomo. "Is There a Clash of Civilizations? Evidence from Patterns of International Conflict Involvement, 1946-97." Journal of Peace Research 39:6 (Nov. 2002): 711-734.This article offers an empirical test of Huntington’s thesis in The Clash of Civilizations. Huntington argues that states belonging to different civilizations will have a higher… More
The ‘Clash of Civilizations’ and Postcommunist Europe
– Miller, Bill. "The 'Clash of Civilizations' and Postcommunist Europe." Comparative European Politics 1:2 (2003): 111-127.Samuel Huntington’s ‘clash of civilizations’ thesis has been widely disputed, but rarely challenged on the basis of individual-level data. Focusing on two postcommunist societies… More
Samuel Huntington and the Geopolitics of American Identity: The Function of Foreign Policy in America’s Domestic Clash of Civilizations
– El-Din, Aysha. "Samuel Huntington and the Geopolitics of American Identity: The Function of Foreign Policy in America's Domestic Clash of Civilizations." International Studies Review, 5:1 (2003): 53-76.The clash of civilizations thesis’s true origins lie partly in problems Samuel Huntington sees brewing in his own country. His thesis is to a considerable extent an externalization of… More
Huntington’s Shift to the Declinist Camp: Conservative Declinism and the ‘Historical Function’ of the Clash of Civilizations
– El-Din, Aysha. "Huntington’s Shift to the Declinist Camp: Conservative Declinism and the ‘Historical Function’ of the Clash of Civilizations." International Relations 17:4 (2003): 429-452.Samuel Huntington, a severe critic of decline theory and an adamant revivalist, shifted radically to the declinist camp with the end of the Cold War, his penultimate declinist vision being… More
The Irony of Western Ideas in a Multicultural World: Russians’ Intellectual Engagement with the “End of History” and “Clash of Civilizations
– Tsygankov, Andrei. "The Irony of Western Ideas in a Multicultural World: Russians' Intellectual Engagement with the 'End of History' and 'Clash of Civilizations.'" International Studies Review 5:1 (Mar. 2003), 53-76.International ideas can make important contributions to how local cultures and civilizations perceive each other. Indeed, ideas formulated in one society can be misunderstood by the… More
The US Media, Huntington and September 11
– Abrahamian, Ervand. "The US Media, Huntington and September 11." Third World Quarterly, 24:3 (Jun. 2003): 529-544.The mainstream quality media in the USA—unlike that of Europe— framed September 11 within the context of Islam, culture and civilisations. In other words, it explained the crisis by… More
Armed Servants: Agency, Oversight, and Civil-Military Relations
– Feaver, Peter. Armed Servants: Agency, Oversight, and Civil-Military Relations. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2003.How do civilians control the military? In the wake of September 11, the renewed presence of national security in everyday life has made this question all the more pressing. In this book,… More
Two Wests
– Huntington, Samuel P and Anthony Giddens. "Two Wests." New Perspectives Quarterly v. 20, n. 4 (2003): 37-43.The central division in the West is one which so many people have focused on: the difference in power between the United States and Europe. This division naturally gives rise to… More
The News Media and the “Clash of Civilizations”
– Seib, Philip. "The News Media and the 'Clash of Civilizations.'" Parameters 34:4 (Winter 2004): 71-86.The “call to jihad is rising in the streets of Europe, and is being answered,” reported The New York Times in April 2004. The Times story quoted a Muslim cleric in Britain touting the… More
Who Are We?: The Challenges to America’s National Identity
– Huntington, Samuel P. Who Are We?: The Challenges to America’s National Identity. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2005.In his seminal work The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order, Samuel Huntington argued provocatively and presciently that with the end of the cold war,… More
Not Letting Evidence Get in the Way of Assumptions: Testing the Clash of Civilizations Thesis with More Recent Data
– Henderson, Errol A. "Not Letting Evidence Get in the Way of Assumptions: Testing the Clash of Civilizations Thesis with More Recent Data." International Politics 42:4 (2005): 458-469.In this research note I examine Huntington’s ‘clash of civilizations’ thesis in the light of his arguments to his detractors to apply his thesis to post-Cold War armed… More
Huntington’s Dog that Didn’t Bark: Africa in the “Clash of Civilizations”
– Hawker, Geoffrey. "Huntington's Dog that Didn't Bark: Africa in the 'Clash of Civilizations.'" Journal of Contemporary Analysis. 77:3 (May-June 2005): 7-11.Paradigm Lost: Huntington’s Unfulfilled Clash of Civilizations Prediction into the 21st Century
– Fox, Jonathan. "Paradigm Lost: Huntington's Unfulfilled Clash of Civilizations Prediction into the 21st Century." International Politics 42:4 (Dec. 2005): 428-457.This study addresses a gap in the quantitative literature which tests Samuel Huntington’s Clash of Civilization theory (CoC). Nearly all of the quantitative studies which directly… More
Political Islam, Clash of Civilizations, U.S. Dominance and Arab Support of Attacks on America: A Test of a Hierarchical Model
– Mostafa Mohammed and Mohanedt Al-Hamdi, "Political Islam, Clash of Civilizations, U.S. Dominance and Arab Support of Attacks on America: A Test of a Hierarchical Model." Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, 30:8 (2007): 723-736.This study examines two theses used to explain Arab support of the 11 September attacks on the United States: clash of civilizations and anti-dominance reaction to perceived American… More
The Future of Freedom: Illiberal democracy at home and abroad
– Zakaria, Fareed. The Future of Freedom: Illiberal Democracy at Home and Abroad. New York: Norton & Co, 2007.Translated into twenty languages The Future of Freedom is a modern classic that uses historical analysis to shed light on the present, examining how democracy has changed our politics,… More
US Civil-military Relations Challenged by the Iraqi case — Functional Dualism and Strategic Splitting
– Duran, Etienne. "US civil-military Relations Challenged by the Iraqi case — Functional Dualism and Strategic Splitting." Revue Internationale de Politque Comparee 15:1 (2008) 93-116.American Civil-Military Relations: The Soldier and the State in a New Era
– Eds. Nielson, Suzanne and Don Snider. American Civil-Military Relations: The Soldier and the State in a New Era. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2009.American Civil-Military Relations offers the first comprehensive assessment of the subject since the publication of Samuel P. Huntington’s field-defining book, The Soldier and the State.… More
A Scholar and a Gentleman by Eliot Cohen
– Eliot Cohen, "A Scholar and a Gentleman," Weekly Standard, January 19, 2009.Excerpt: As the obituary notices will tell you, Samuel Huntington was a controversial figure. They lead, normally, with a reference to “Clash of Civilizations?” his 1993 Foreign… More
“A Zone of Deep Shadow”: Pedagogical and Familial Reflections on “The Clash of Civilizations”
– Jardine, David, Rahat Naqvi and Eric Jardine. ""A Zone of Deep Shadow": Pedagogical and Familial Reflections on "The Clash of Civilizations"." Interchange: A Quarterly Review of Education, Vol. 41:3 (2010): 209-232.This paper examines the media coverage of the murder of a young Muslim girl in Mississauga, Ontario in December 2007. We examine how that coverage moved from concerns for a terrible family… More
A Celebration of the Life and Thought of Samuel P. Huntington
From a panel sponsored by the National Endowment for Democracy. As was confirmed by the many tributes that marked his passing on December 24, Samuel P. Huntington was one of the greatest… More
Political Utilisation of Scholarly Ideas: the ‘Clash of Civilisations’ vs. ‘Soft Power’ in US Foreign Policy
– Erikkson, Johan and Ludvig Norman, "Political Utilisation of Scholarly Ideas: the 'Clash of Civilisations' vs. 'Soft Power' in US Foreign Policy." Review of International Studies 37:1 (Jan. 2011): 417-436.This article discusses how and under what conditions ideas coming from International Relations (IR) scholarship are used in foreign policy. We argue that the focus on policy relevance,… More
Samuel Huntington on the ‘Clash of Civilizations’
From the Charlie Rose Show.
Samuel Huntington’s Clash of Civilizations or Francis Fukuyama’s End of History?
In this 1992 lecture at the American Enterprise institute a young Francis Fukuyama best known as the author of The End of History and the Last Man challenges his former professor Samuel P.… More
American Civil-military Relations Today: The Continuing Relevance of Samuel P. Huntington’s The Soldier and the State
– Nielson, Suzanne. "American Civil-military Relations Today: the Continuing Relevance of Samuel P. Huntington’s The Soldier and the State." International Affairs, 88:2 (Mar. 2012): 369-376.Fifty-five years after it was first published, Samuel Huntington’s The soldier and the state remains an essential starting point for serious discussions of American civil–military… More
American Civil-Military Relations: Samuel P. Huntington and the Political Dimensions of Military Professionalism,
– Nix, Dwayne. "American Civil-Military Relations: Samuel P. Huntington and the Political Dimensions of Military Professionalism." Naval War College Review, 65:2 (Spring 2012): 88-104.Samuel P. Huntington died in December 2008, but this Harvard academic continues to have a significant impact on the conduct and state of American civil-military relations. Mackubin… More
Was Huntington Right? Revisiting the Clash of Civilizations
– Ayoob, Mohammed. "Was Huntington Right? Revisiting the Clash of Civilizations." Insight Turkey 14:4 (Fall 2012): 1-12.This essay is an attempt to revisit Samuel Huntington’s controversial thesis about a clash of civilizations. Though the author has been an early critique of Huntington, he finds… More
The Clash of Civilizations Revisited
– Huntington, Samuel P. The Clash of Civilizations Revisited. New Perspectives Quarterly v. 30, n. 4 (2013): 46-54.My view is that relations between countries in the coming decades are most likely to reflect their cultural commitments, their cultural ties and antagonism with other countries rather than… More
Anglosphere Exceptionalism
– Windschuttle, Keith. "Anglosphere Exceptionalism" New Criterion, 32:5 (Jan 2014): 23-29.In 1996, when I visited New York to speak at some local universities, I was surprised to read a story on the front page of The New York Times. The Republican Governor of the state, George… More
Multimedia
The Soldier and the State: The Theory and Politics of Civil-Military Relations
– Huntington, Samuel P. The Soldier and the State: The Theory and Politics of Civil-Military Relations. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1957.“In a classic work, Samuel P. Huntington challenges most of the old assumptions and ideas on the role of the military in society. Stressing the value of the military outlook for… More
Education and Military Leadership: A Study of the R.O.T.C. By Gene M. Lyons and John W. Masland
– Huntington, Samuel P. "Education and Military Leadership: A Study of the R.O.T.C. By Gene M. Lyons and John W. Masland." American Political Science Review v. 53, n. 4 (1959): 1154-1155.“This book claims to be simple an historical and analytical study of the relationship of ROTC programs to higher education and national defense. It is, however, much more than that.… More
Strategic Planning and the Political Process
– Huntington, Samuel P. "Strategic Planning and the Political Process." Foreign Affairs v. 38, n. 2 (1960): 285-299.For a decade or more statesmen and scholars have been unhappy about American methods of making decisions on strategic programs–that is, decisions on the over-all size of the military… More
The Common Defense: Strategic Programs in National Politics
– Huntington, Samuel P. The Common Defense: Strategic Programs in National Politics. New York, Columbia University Press, 1961.“Professor Robert Bowie of Harvard, who formerly headed the State Department’s policy planning staff, remarked a year ago that “we just don’t know much about …… More
The New Civil-Military Relations
– Lyons, Gene. "The New Civil-Military Relations." American Political Science Review 55 (March 1961): 53-60.“Historically the character of civil-military relations in the United States has been dominated by the concept of civilian control of the military. This has largely been a response to… More
Equilibrium and Disequilibrium in American Military Policy
– Huntington, Samuel P. "Equilibrium and Disequilibrium in American Military Policy." Political Science Quarterly v. 76, n. 4 (1961): 481-502.“For fifteen years American military policy has been in a state of turmoil and change. As a result, perhaps, stability has ranked high as a goal of military policy. In some respects… More
Interservice Competition and the Political Roles of the Armed Services
– Huntington, Samuel P. "Interservice Competition and the Political Roles of the Armed Services." The American Political Science Review v. 55, n. 1 (1961): 40-52.“Conventional wisdom” (to purloin a phrase from Galbraith) holds that interservice competition necessarily undermines economy, efficiency, and effective central control in the military… More
Changing Patterns of Military Politics in National Politics
– Ed. Huntington, Samuel. Changing Patterns of Military Politics in National Politics. New York: Free Press, 1962.“This book is a useful, if rather uneven, addition to the growing literature of military politics. As the third volume of the International Yearbook of Political Behavior… More
Power, Expertise and the Military Profession
– Huntington, Samuel P. "Power, Expertise and the Military Profession." Daedelus v. 92, n. 4 (1963): 785-807.Since 1945 the American military profession has been reeling under the impact of not one but two revolutions. The technological revolution has made the management of violence increasingly… More
Political Power: USA/USSR
– Brzezinsky, Zbigniew and Samuel P. Huntington. Political Power: USA/USSR. New York: Viking Press, 1964.“This is a stimulating study by two creative and productive young political scientists. Professor Brzezinski is the author of several important works on Soviet and Eastern European… More
Political Ideals and the Military Ethic
– Guttman, Allen. "Political Ideals and the Military Ethic." American Scholar 34:2 (Spring 1965): 221-237.“From the 1770s to the 1960s, from the Committee of Correspondence to S.N.C.C., American political rhetoric has remained remarkably constant. Liberty and equality. Although each… More
Introduction: Social Science and Vietnam
– Huntington, Samuel P. "Introduction: Social Science and Vietnam." Asian Survey v. 7, n. 8 (1967): 503-506.Political Development and the Decline of the American System of World Order
– Huntington, Samuel P. "Political Development and the Decline of the American System of World Order." Daedalus v. 96, n. 3 (1967): 927-929.“By the year 2000 it should be clear retrospectively that the dominant feature of international politics during the thirty years after WWII was neither the East-West confrontation… More
Foreign Aid for What and for Whom
– Huntington, Samuel P. "Foreign Aid for What and for Whom." Foreign Policy v. 1 (1970): 161-189.“Foreign Aid: Billions in Search of a Good Reason” was the title of a 1963 Fortune article by Charles J. V. Murphy. Seven years later, the billions may be fewer in number, but… More
Why “Foreign Policy”?
– Huntington, Samuel P. and Warren Demian Manshel. "Why "Foreign Policy"?" Foreign Policy v. 1 (1970): 3-5.The Professional Soldier: A Social and Political Portrait
– Janowitz, Morris. The Professional Soldier: A Social and Political Portrait. New York: The Free Press, 1971.“In his social profile of the professional soldier, Janowitz develops the basic distinction between “absolutist” and “pragmatist” approaches. Warfare –… More
Foreign Aid for What and for Whom (II)
– Huntington, Samuel P. "Foreign Aid for What and for Whom (II)." Foreign Policy v. 2 (1971): 114-134.“The year 1971 could be an historic one for US foreign aid. Congress and the President have the opportunity this year to make fundamental innovations. The effort is timely, for many… More
The Change to Change: Modernization, Development, and Politics
– Huntington, Samuel P. "The Change to Change: Modernization, Development, and Politics." Comparative Politics v. 3 n. 3 (1971): 283-322.It was not until the mid-1950s that a renaissance in the study of comparative politics got under way. Concern with modernization and the comparison of modern and traditional political… More
After Containment: The Functions of the Military Establishment
– Huntington, Samuel P. "After Containment: The Functions of the Military Establishment." Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science v. 406 (1973): 1-16.After World War II, the United States reconstituted its military policy for the third time in its history. A strategy of deterrence was adopted as the military counterpart to a foreign… More
Transnational Organizations in World Politics
– Huntington, Samuel P. "Transnational Organizations in World Politics." World Politics v. 25, n. 2 (1973): 333-368.These organizations appear to have little in common. They are public and private, national and international, profit-making and charitable, religious and secular, civil and military, and,… More
Postindustrial Politics: How Benign Will It Be?
– Huntington, Samuel P. "Postindustrial Politics: How Benign Will It Be?" Comparative Politics v. 6 n. 2 (1974): 163-191.The concept of postindustrial society was advanced in the early 1960s by Daniel Bell as a model of society comparable to, but significantly different from, models of industrial and agrarian… More
Trade, Technology, and Leverage: Economic Diplomacy
– Huntington, Samuel P, Franklyn Holzman, Richard Portes, John Kiser, Maurice J. Mountain, and Robert Klitgaard. "Trade, Technology, and Leverage: Economic Diplomacy." Foreign Policy v. 32 (1978): 63-106.An effective and realistic approach to US-Soviet economic relations today must reflect the key characteristics of the current phase of the superpower relationship. This phase differs… More
The Strategic Imperative: New Policies for American Security
– Ed. Huntington, Samuel P. The Strategic Imperative: New Policies for American Security. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1982.This product of Harvard’s new Program in National Security Studies is an interesting collection of essays which, in contrast to the Blechman volume (above), places comparatively… More
Living with Nuclear Weapons
– Carnesale, Albert, Paul Doty, Stanley Hoffman, Samuel P. Huntington, Joseph D. Nye Jr., Scott Sagan, Derek Bok. Living with Nuclear Weapons. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1983.At the request of the President of Harvard University, six Harvard scholars have joined forces to write a book that lays out the facts about nuclear weapons for all concerned citizens who… More
Conventional Deterrence and Conventional Retaliation in Europe
– Huntington, Samuel P. "Conventional Deterrence and Conventional Retaliation in Europe." International Security v. 8, n. 3 (1983): 32-56.For a quarter century the slow but continuing trend in NATO strategy – and in thinking about NATO strategy – has been from emphasis on nuclear deterrence to emphasis on… More
Reorganizing America’s Defense: Leadership in War and Peace
– Art, Robert J., Vincent Davis, and Samuel Huntington. Reorganizing America’s Defense: Leadership in War and Peace. Washington, DC: Pergamon-Brassey, 1985.Coping with the Lippmann Gap
– Huntington, Samuel P. "Coping with the Lippmann Gap." Foreign Affairs v. 66, n. 3 (1987): 453-477.Foreign policy,” wrote Walter Lippmann in 1943 in an oft-quoted phrase, “consists in bringing into balance, with a comfortable surplus of power in reserve, the nation’s… More
Vietnam Report: Response
– Huntington, Samuel P. "Vietnam Report: Response." Science 235 (1987): 1448.The U.S.: Decline or Renewal?
– Huntington, Samuel P. "The U.S.: Decline or Renewal?" Foreign Affairs v. 67, n. 2 (1988): 76-96.In 1988 the United States reached the zenith of its fifth wave of declinism since the 1950s. The roots of this phenomenon lie in the political economy literature of the early 1980s that… More
The Concept of Military Professionalism
– Harries-Jenkins, Gwyn. "The Concept of Military Professionalism." Defense Analysis 6:2 (Jun. 1990): 117-130.“The publication in 1957 of Huntington’s The Soldier and the State and of Janowitz’s The Professional Soldier 3 years later stimulated considerable interest in the study… More
The Long Shadow of the Soldier and the State
– Coffman, Edward. "The Long Shadow of the Soldier and the State." The Journal of Military History. 55:1 (Jan. 1991): 69-82.If Not Civilizations, What? Paradigms of the Post-Cold War World
– Huntington, Samuel P. "If Not Civilizations, What? Paradigms of the Post-Cold War World." Foreign Affairs v. 72, n. 5 (1993): 186-194.When people think seriously, they think abstractly; they conjure up simplified pictures of reality called concepts, theories, models, paradigms. Without such intellectual constructs, there… More
Why International Primacy Matters
– Huntington, Samuel P. "Why International Primacy Matters." International Security v. 17, n. 4 (1993): 68-83.Does international primacy matter? The answer seems so obvious that one first wonders why someone as intelligent, perceptive, and knowledgeable as Robert Jervis raises the question. On… More
An Exchange on Civil-Military Relations
– Kohn, Richard, Colin Powell, John Lehman, William Odom, Samuel Huntington, "An Exchange on Civil-Military Relations," The National Interest 36 (Summer 1994): 23-31“Of all the problems facing the nation, a crisis in civil-military relations is not one of them and things are not out of control. Mr. Kohn lays major responsibility for this… More
The Clash of Civilizations: The Debate
– Ed. Huntington, Samuel P. The Clash of Civilizations: The Debate. New York: Foreign Affairs, 1996.According to Samuel Huntington’s seminal 1993 essay, The Clash of Civilizations, world politics is entering a new phase, in which the great divisions among humankind and the… More
The Civil-military Problematique: Huntington, Janowitz and the Question of Civilian Control
– Feaver, Peter. "The Civil-military Problematique: Huntington, Janowitz and the Question of Civilian Control." Armed Forces and Society: An Interdisciplinary Journal 23:2 (Winter 1996): 149-178.“The alleged crisis in American civil-military relations has revived a long-standing theoretical debate about the determinants of civilian control. So far, the debate has followed… More
An American Crisis in Civilian Control and Civil-military Relations?
– Feaver, Peter D. "An American Crisis in Civilian Control and Civil-military Relations?" Tocqueville Review 17:1 (1996): 159-182.The West: Unique, Not Universal
– Huntington, Samuel P. "The West: Unique, Not Universal." Foreign Affairs v. 75, n. 6 (1996): 28.In recent years Westerners have reassured themselves and irritated others by expounding the notion that the culture of the West is and ought to be the culture of the world. This conceit… More
The Erosion of American National Interests
– Huntington, Samuel P. "The Erosion of American National Interests." Foreign Affairs v. 76, n. 5 (1997): 28.The years since the end of the Cold War have seen intense, wide-ranging, and confused debates about American national interests. Much of this confusion stems from the complexity of the… More
The Promise of Globalization or the Clash of Civilizations
– Neckerman, Peter. "The Promise of Globalization or the Clash of Civilizations." World and I 13:2 (Dec. 1998): 314.“If I were asked to give a name to our century, I would not hesitate for a single moment. I would call it the “Century of Globalization,” because this will be its lasting… More
A Clash of Civilizations: An Idée Fixe?
– Senghaas, Deiter. "A Clash of Civilizations: An Idée Fixe?" Journal of Peace Research 35:1 (Jan 1998): 127-132.Huntington’s thesis on the prospective clash of civilizations is criticized in two directions: neither the original article or the book gives any systematic analysis of the inherent… More
From Modernization Theory Towards the ‘Clash of Civilizations’: Directions and Paradigm Shifts in Samuel Huntington’s Analysis and Prognosis of Global Development
– Kreutzmann, Hermann. "From Modernization Theory Towards the 'Clash of Civilizations': Directions and Paradigm Shifts in Samuel Huntington's Analysis and Prognosis of Global Development." GeoJournal, 46:4 (1998): 255-265.This paper critically discusses Samuel Huntington’s contribution to development studies. Long before his currently debated work on the clash of civilizations, Huntington wrote on the… More
Samuel Huntington and Communist Civil-Military Relations
– Herspring, Dale. "Samuel Huntington and Communist Civil-Military Relations." Armed Forces and Society: An Interdisciplinary Journal 25:4 (Summer 1999): 557-577.“Contrary to Huntington’s hypothesis, analysis suggests that the relationship between the party-political apparatus and line elements of the armed forces of the former Soviet… More
Managing the ‘Expert Problem’ in Civil-Military Relations
– Bland, Douglas. "Managing the 'Expert Problem' in Civil-Military Relations." European Security 8:3 (Autumn 1999): 25-43.Samuel Huntington once defined ‘the modern problem of civil‐military relations’ as managing the relationship between military experts and civilian ministers. The expert/minister… More
The Lonely Superpower
– Huntington, Samuel P. "The Lonely Superpower." Foreign Affairs v. 78, n. 2 (1999): 35.During the past decade global politics has changed fundamentally in two ways. First, it has been substantially reconfigured along cultural and civilizational lines, as I have highlighted in… More
Clash of Civilizations, or Realism and Liberalism Déjà Vu? Some Evidence
– Russett, Bruce and John Oneal and Michaelene Cox. "Clash of Civilizations, or Realism and Liberalism Déjà Vu? Some Evidence." Journal of Peace Research 37:5 (Sep. 2000): 583-608.We assess the degree to which propositions from Samuel Huntington’s The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order can account for the incidence of militarized interstate… More
Globalization and Political Strategy
– Jameson, Fredric. "Globalization and Political Strategy." New Left Review 4 (2000): 49-68.Attempts to define globalization often seem little better than so many ideological appropriations—discussions not of the process itself, but of its effects, good or bad: judgements, in… More
Robust Nationalism
– Huntington, Samuel P. "Robust Nationalism." The National Interest v. 58 (2000): 31.Is there such a thing as a conservative foreign policy? There was during the Cold War, but now the answer appears to be “no.” People who consider themselves conservative and are… More
Dialogue Among Civilizations: Possibilities after Huntington
– Healey, Stephen. "Dialogue Among Civilizations: Possibilities after Huntington." International Journal on World Peace. 18:1 (Mar. 2001): 7-14.“Samuel Huntington’s 1993 Foreign Affairs article “The Clash of Civilizations?” was greeted with a hailstorm of protest, but many also felt that Huntington had grasped something… More
Clear and Present Strangers: The Clash of Civilizations and International Conflict
– Henderson, Erroll and Richard Tucker. "Clear and Present Strangers: The Clash of Civilizations and International Conflict." International Studies Quarterly 45:2 (Jun. 2001): 317-338.“Huntington’s (1993a, 1993b, 1996) clash of civilizations thesis suggests that states belonging to different civilizations are more likely to become involved in conflict with… More
Two Civilizations and Ethnic Conflict: Islam and the West
– Fox, Jonathan. "Two Civilizations and Ethnic Conflict: Islam and the West." Journal of Peace Research 38:4 (Jul. 2001): 459-472.Samuel Huntington’s controversial ‘Clash of Civilizations’ argument posits, among other things, that the extent of both international and domestic conflict between… More
Islamic Culture and Democracy: Testing the ‘Clash of Civilizations’ Thesis
– Inglehard, Ronald. "Islamic Culture and Democracy: Testing the 'Clash of Civilizations' Thesis." Comparative Sociology 1:3 (2002): 235-263.In seeking to understand the root causes of the events of 9/11 many accounts have turned to Samuel P. Huntington’s provocative and controversial thesis of a “clash of… More
Islam and the West
– Bilgrami, Akeel. "Islam and the West." Philosophy & Social Criticism 38:5 (2002): 477-483.This short essay analyzes the deception and self-deception in talk of ‘the clash of civilizations’ and proceeds to diagnose what is wrong in the standard understanding of Islam in the… More
If Not a Clash, Then What? Huntington, Nishida Kitaro and the Politics of Civilizations
– Jones, Christopher. "If Not a Clash, Then What? Huntington, Nishida Kitaro and the Politics of Civilizations." International Relations of the Asia Pacific 2.2 (Aug 1, 2002): 223-243.The debate surrounding Samuel Huntington’s influential Clash of Civilizations thesis has been focused too narrowly on the accuracy of his categorization of civilizations. This focus… More
Is There a Clash of Civilizations? Evidence from Patterns of International Conflict Involvement, 1946-97
– Chiozza, Giacomo. "Is There a Clash of Civilizations? Evidence from Patterns of International Conflict Involvement, 1946-97." Journal of Peace Research 39:6 (Nov. 2002): 711-734.This article offers an empirical test of Huntington’s thesis in The Clash of Civilizations. Huntington argues that states belonging to different civilizations will have a higher… More
The ‘Clash of Civilizations’ and Postcommunist Europe
– Miller, Bill. "The 'Clash of Civilizations' and Postcommunist Europe." Comparative European Politics 1:2 (2003): 111-127.Samuel Huntington’s ‘clash of civilizations’ thesis has been widely disputed, but rarely challenged on the basis of individual-level data. Focusing on two postcommunist societies… More
Samuel Huntington and the Geopolitics of American Identity: The Function of Foreign Policy in America’s Domestic Clash of Civilizations
– El-Din, Aysha. "Samuel Huntington and the Geopolitics of American Identity: The Function of Foreign Policy in America's Domestic Clash of Civilizations." International Studies Review, 5:1 (2003): 53-76.The clash of civilizations thesis’s true origins lie partly in problems Samuel Huntington sees brewing in his own country. His thesis is to a considerable extent an externalization of… More
Huntington’s Shift to the Declinist Camp: Conservative Declinism and the ‘Historical Function’ of the Clash of Civilizations
– El-Din, Aysha. "Huntington’s Shift to the Declinist Camp: Conservative Declinism and the ‘Historical Function’ of the Clash of Civilizations." International Relations 17:4 (2003): 429-452.Samuel Huntington, a severe critic of decline theory and an adamant revivalist, shifted radically to the declinist camp with the end of the Cold War, his penultimate declinist vision being… More
The Irony of Western Ideas in a Multicultural World: Russians’ Intellectual Engagement with the “End of History” and “Clash of Civilizations
– Tsygankov, Andrei. "The Irony of Western Ideas in a Multicultural World: Russians' Intellectual Engagement with the 'End of History' and 'Clash of Civilizations.'" International Studies Review 5:1 (Mar. 2003), 53-76.International ideas can make important contributions to how local cultures and civilizations perceive each other. Indeed, ideas formulated in one society can be misunderstood by the… More
The US Media, Huntington and September 11
– Abrahamian, Ervand. "The US Media, Huntington and September 11." Third World Quarterly, 24:3 (Jun. 2003): 529-544.The mainstream quality media in the USA—unlike that of Europe— framed September 11 within the context of Islam, culture and civilisations. In other words, it explained the crisis by… More
Armed Servants: Agency, Oversight, and Civil-Military Relations
– Feaver, Peter. Armed Servants: Agency, Oversight, and Civil-Military Relations. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2003.How do civilians control the military? In the wake of September 11, the renewed presence of national security in everyday life has made this question all the more pressing. In this book,… More
Two Wests
– Huntington, Samuel P and Anthony Giddens. "Two Wests." New Perspectives Quarterly v. 20, n. 4 (2003): 37-43.The central division in the West is one which so many people have focused on: the difference in power between the United States and Europe. This division naturally gives rise to… More
The News Media and the “Clash of Civilizations”
– Seib, Philip. "The News Media and the 'Clash of Civilizations.'" Parameters 34:4 (Winter 2004): 71-86.The “call to jihad is rising in the streets of Europe, and is being answered,” reported The New York Times in April 2004. The Times story quoted a Muslim cleric in Britain touting the… More
Who Are We?: The Challenges to America’s National Identity
– Huntington, Samuel P. Who Are We?: The Challenges to America’s National Identity. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2005.In his seminal work The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order, Samuel Huntington argued provocatively and presciently that with the end of the cold war,… More
Not Letting Evidence Get in the Way of Assumptions: Testing the Clash of Civilizations Thesis with More Recent Data
– Henderson, Errol A. "Not Letting Evidence Get in the Way of Assumptions: Testing the Clash of Civilizations Thesis with More Recent Data." International Politics 42:4 (2005): 458-469.In this research note I examine Huntington’s ‘clash of civilizations’ thesis in the light of his arguments to his detractors to apply his thesis to post-Cold War armed… More
Huntington’s Dog that Didn’t Bark: Africa in the “Clash of Civilizations”
– Hawker, Geoffrey. "Huntington's Dog that Didn't Bark: Africa in the 'Clash of Civilizations.'" Journal of Contemporary Analysis. 77:3 (May-June 2005): 7-11.Paradigm Lost: Huntington’s Unfulfilled Clash of Civilizations Prediction into the 21st Century
– Fox, Jonathan. "Paradigm Lost: Huntington's Unfulfilled Clash of Civilizations Prediction into the 21st Century." International Politics 42:4 (Dec. 2005): 428-457.This study addresses a gap in the quantitative literature which tests Samuel Huntington’s Clash of Civilization theory (CoC). Nearly all of the quantitative studies which directly… More
Political Islam, Clash of Civilizations, U.S. Dominance and Arab Support of Attacks on America: A Test of a Hierarchical Model
– Mostafa Mohammed and Mohanedt Al-Hamdi, "Political Islam, Clash of Civilizations, U.S. Dominance and Arab Support of Attacks on America: A Test of a Hierarchical Model." Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, 30:8 (2007): 723-736.This study examines two theses used to explain Arab support of the 11 September attacks on the United States: clash of civilizations and anti-dominance reaction to perceived American… More
The Future of Freedom: Illiberal democracy at home and abroad
– Zakaria, Fareed. The Future of Freedom: Illiberal Democracy at Home and Abroad. New York: Norton & Co, 2007.Translated into twenty languages The Future of Freedom is a modern classic that uses historical analysis to shed light on the present, examining how democracy has changed our politics,… More
US Civil-military Relations Challenged by the Iraqi case — Functional Dualism and Strategic Splitting
– Duran, Etienne. "US civil-military Relations Challenged by the Iraqi case — Functional Dualism and Strategic Splitting." Revue Internationale de Politque Comparee 15:1 (2008) 93-116.American Civil-Military Relations: The Soldier and the State in a New Era
– Eds. Nielson, Suzanne and Don Snider. American Civil-Military Relations: The Soldier and the State in a New Era. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2009.American Civil-Military Relations offers the first comprehensive assessment of the subject since the publication of Samuel P. Huntington’s field-defining book, The Soldier and the State.… More
A Scholar and a Gentleman by Eliot Cohen
– Eliot Cohen, "A Scholar and a Gentleman," Weekly Standard, January 19, 2009.Excerpt: As the obituary notices will tell you, Samuel Huntington was a controversial figure. They lead, normally, with a reference to “Clash of Civilizations?” his 1993 Foreign… More
“A Zone of Deep Shadow”: Pedagogical and Familial Reflections on “The Clash of Civilizations”
– Jardine, David, Rahat Naqvi and Eric Jardine. ""A Zone of Deep Shadow": Pedagogical and Familial Reflections on "The Clash of Civilizations"." Interchange: A Quarterly Review of Education, Vol. 41:3 (2010): 209-232.This paper examines the media coverage of the murder of a young Muslim girl in Mississauga, Ontario in December 2007. We examine how that coverage moved from concerns for a terrible family… More
A Celebration of the Life and Thought of Samuel P. Huntington
From a panel sponsored by the National Endowment for Democracy. As was confirmed by the many tributes that marked his passing on December 24, Samuel P. Huntington was one of the greatest… More
Political Utilisation of Scholarly Ideas: the ‘Clash of Civilisations’ vs. ‘Soft Power’ in US Foreign Policy
– Erikkson, Johan and Ludvig Norman, "Political Utilisation of Scholarly Ideas: the 'Clash of Civilisations' vs. 'Soft Power' in US Foreign Policy." Review of International Studies 37:1 (Jan. 2011): 417-436.This article discusses how and under what conditions ideas coming from International Relations (IR) scholarship are used in foreign policy. We argue that the focus on policy relevance,… More
Samuel Huntington on the ‘Clash of Civilizations’
From the Charlie Rose Show.
Samuel Huntington’s Clash of Civilizations or Francis Fukuyama’s End of History?
In this 1992 lecture at the American Enterprise institute a young Francis Fukuyama best known as the author of The End of History and the Last Man challenges his former professor Samuel P.… More
American Civil-military Relations Today: The Continuing Relevance of Samuel P. Huntington’s The Soldier and the State
– Nielson, Suzanne. "American Civil-military Relations Today: the Continuing Relevance of Samuel P. Huntington’s The Soldier and the State." International Affairs, 88:2 (Mar. 2012): 369-376.Fifty-five years after it was first published, Samuel Huntington’s The soldier and the state remains an essential starting point for serious discussions of American civil–military… More
American Civil-Military Relations: Samuel P. Huntington and the Political Dimensions of Military Professionalism,
– Nix, Dwayne. "American Civil-Military Relations: Samuel P. Huntington and the Political Dimensions of Military Professionalism." Naval War College Review, 65:2 (Spring 2012): 88-104.Samuel P. Huntington died in December 2008, but this Harvard academic continues to have a significant impact on the conduct and state of American civil-military relations. Mackubin… More
Was Huntington Right? Revisiting the Clash of Civilizations
– Ayoob, Mohammed. "Was Huntington Right? Revisiting the Clash of Civilizations." Insight Turkey 14:4 (Fall 2012): 1-12.This essay is an attempt to revisit Samuel Huntington’s controversial thesis about a clash of civilizations. Though the author has been an early critique of Huntington, he finds… More
The Clash of Civilizations Revisited
– Huntington, Samuel P. The Clash of Civilizations Revisited. New Perspectives Quarterly v. 30, n. 4 (2013): 46-54.My view is that relations between countries in the coming decades are most likely to reflect their cultural commitments, their cultural ties and antagonism with other countries rather than… More
Anglosphere Exceptionalism
– Windschuttle, Keith. "Anglosphere Exceptionalism" New Criterion, 32:5 (Jan 2014): 23-29.In 1996, when I visited New York to speak at some local universities, I was surprised to read a story on the front page of The New York Times. The Republican Governor of the state, George… More
Teaching
The Soldier and the State: The Theory and Politics of Civil-Military Relations
– Huntington, Samuel P. The Soldier and the State: The Theory and Politics of Civil-Military Relations. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1957.“In a classic work, Samuel P. Huntington challenges most of the old assumptions and ideas on the role of the military in society. Stressing the value of the military outlook for… More
Education and Military Leadership: A Study of the R.O.T.C. By Gene M. Lyons and John W. Masland
– Huntington, Samuel P. "Education and Military Leadership: A Study of the R.O.T.C. By Gene M. Lyons and John W. Masland." American Political Science Review v. 53, n. 4 (1959): 1154-1155.“This book claims to be simple an historical and analytical study of the relationship of ROTC programs to higher education and national defense. It is, however, much more than that.… More
Strategic Planning and the Political Process
– Huntington, Samuel P. "Strategic Planning and the Political Process." Foreign Affairs v. 38, n. 2 (1960): 285-299.For a decade or more statesmen and scholars have been unhappy about American methods of making decisions on strategic programs–that is, decisions on the over-all size of the military… More
The Common Defense: Strategic Programs in National Politics
– Huntington, Samuel P. The Common Defense: Strategic Programs in National Politics. New York, Columbia University Press, 1961.“Professor Robert Bowie of Harvard, who formerly headed the State Department’s policy planning staff, remarked a year ago that “we just don’t know much about …… More
The New Civil-Military Relations
– Lyons, Gene. "The New Civil-Military Relations." American Political Science Review 55 (March 1961): 53-60.“Historically the character of civil-military relations in the United States has been dominated by the concept of civilian control of the military. This has largely been a response to… More
Equilibrium and Disequilibrium in American Military Policy
– Huntington, Samuel P. "Equilibrium and Disequilibrium in American Military Policy." Political Science Quarterly v. 76, n. 4 (1961): 481-502.“For fifteen years American military policy has been in a state of turmoil and change. As a result, perhaps, stability has ranked high as a goal of military policy. In some respects… More
Interservice Competition and the Political Roles of the Armed Services
– Huntington, Samuel P. "Interservice Competition and the Political Roles of the Armed Services." The American Political Science Review v. 55, n. 1 (1961): 40-52.“Conventional wisdom” (to purloin a phrase from Galbraith) holds that interservice competition necessarily undermines economy, efficiency, and effective central control in the military… More
Changing Patterns of Military Politics in National Politics
– Ed. Huntington, Samuel. Changing Patterns of Military Politics in National Politics. New York: Free Press, 1962.“This book is a useful, if rather uneven, addition to the growing literature of military politics. As the third volume of the International Yearbook of Political Behavior… More
Power, Expertise and the Military Profession
– Huntington, Samuel P. "Power, Expertise and the Military Profession." Daedelus v. 92, n. 4 (1963): 785-807.Since 1945 the American military profession has been reeling under the impact of not one but two revolutions. The technological revolution has made the management of violence increasingly… More
Political Power: USA/USSR
– Brzezinsky, Zbigniew and Samuel P. Huntington. Political Power: USA/USSR. New York: Viking Press, 1964.“This is a stimulating study by two creative and productive young political scientists. Professor Brzezinski is the author of several important works on Soviet and Eastern European… More
Political Ideals and the Military Ethic
– Guttman, Allen. "Political Ideals and the Military Ethic." American Scholar 34:2 (Spring 1965): 221-237.“From the 1770s to the 1960s, from the Committee of Correspondence to S.N.C.C., American political rhetoric has remained remarkably constant. Liberty and equality. Although each… More
Introduction: Social Science and Vietnam
– Huntington, Samuel P. "Introduction: Social Science and Vietnam." Asian Survey v. 7, n. 8 (1967): 503-506.Political Development and the Decline of the American System of World Order
– Huntington, Samuel P. "Political Development and the Decline of the American System of World Order." Daedalus v. 96, n. 3 (1967): 927-929.“By the year 2000 it should be clear retrospectively that the dominant feature of international politics during the thirty years after WWII was neither the East-West confrontation… More
Foreign Aid for What and for Whom
– Huntington, Samuel P. "Foreign Aid for What and for Whom." Foreign Policy v. 1 (1970): 161-189.“Foreign Aid: Billions in Search of a Good Reason” was the title of a 1963 Fortune article by Charles J. V. Murphy. Seven years later, the billions may be fewer in number, but… More
Why “Foreign Policy”?
– Huntington, Samuel P. and Warren Demian Manshel. "Why "Foreign Policy"?" Foreign Policy v. 1 (1970): 3-5.The Professional Soldier: A Social and Political Portrait
– Janowitz, Morris. The Professional Soldier: A Social and Political Portrait. New York: The Free Press, 1971.“In his social profile of the professional soldier, Janowitz develops the basic distinction between “absolutist” and “pragmatist” approaches. Warfare –… More
Foreign Aid for What and for Whom (II)
– Huntington, Samuel P. "Foreign Aid for What and for Whom (II)." Foreign Policy v. 2 (1971): 114-134.“The year 1971 could be an historic one for US foreign aid. Congress and the President have the opportunity this year to make fundamental innovations. The effort is timely, for many… More
The Change to Change: Modernization, Development, and Politics
– Huntington, Samuel P. "The Change to Change: Modernization, Development, and Politics." Comparative Politics v. 3 n. 3 (1971): 283-322.It was not until the mid-1950s that a renaissance in the study of comparative politics got under way. Concern with modernization and the comparison of modern and traditional political… More
After Containment: The Functions of the Military Establishment
– Huntington, Samuel P. "After Containment: The Functions of the Military Establishment." Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science v. 406 (1973): 1-16.After World War II, the United States reconstituted its military policy for the third time in its history. A strategy of deterrence was adopted as the military counterpart to a foreign… More
Transnational Organizations in World Politics
– Huntington, Samuel P. "Transnational Organizations in World Politics." World Politics v. 25, n. 2 (1973): 333-368.These organizations appear to have little in common. They are public and private, national and international, profit-making and charitable, religious and secular, civil and military, and,… More
Postindustrial Politics: How Benign Will It Be?
– Huntington, Samuel P. "Postindustrial Politics: How Benign Will It Be?" Comparative Politics v. 6 n. 2 (1974): 163-191.The concept of postindustrial society was advanced in the early 1960s by Daniel Bell as a model of society comparable to, but significantly different from, models of industrial and agrarian… More
Trade, Technology, and Leverage: Economic Diplomacy
– Huntington, Samuel P, Franklyn Holzman, Richard Portes, John Kiser, Maurice J. Mountain, and Robert Klitgaard. "Trade, Technology, and Leverage: Economic Diplomacy." Foreign Policy v. 32 (1978): 63-106.An effective and realistic approach to US-Soviet economic relations today must reflect the key characteristics of the current phase of the superpower relationship. This phase differs… More
The Strategic Imperative: New Policies for American Security
– Ed. Huntington, Samuel P. The Strategic Imperative: New Policies for American Security. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1982.This product of Harvard’s new Program in National Security Studies is an interesting collection of essays which, in contrast to the Blechman volume (above), places comparatively… More
Living with Nuclear Weapons
– Carnesale, Albert, Paul Doty, Stanley Hoffman, Samuel P. Huntington, Joseph D. Nye Jr., Scott Sagan, Derek Bok. Living with Nuclear Weapons. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1983.At the request of the President of Harvard University, six Harvard scholars have joined forces to write a book that lays out the facts about nuclear weapons for all concerned citizens who… More
Conventional Deterrence and Conventional Retaliation in Europe
– Huntington, Samuel P. "Conventional Deterrence and Conventional Retaliation in Europe." International Security v. 8, n. 3 (1983): 32-56.For a quarter century the slow but continuing trend in NATO strategy – and in thinking about NATO strategy – has been from emphasis on nuclear deterrence to emphasis on… More
Reorganizing America’s Defense: Leadership in War and Peace
– Art, Robert J., Vincent Davis, and Samuel Huntington. Reorganizing America’s Defense: Leadership in War and Peace. Washington, DC: Pergamon-Brassey, 1985.Coping with the Lippmann Gap
– Huntington, Samuel P. "Coping with the Lippmann Gap." Foreign Affairs v. 66, n. 3 (1987): 453-477.Foreign policy,” wrote Walter Lippmann in 1943 in an oft-quoted phrase, “consists in bringing into balance, with a comfortable surplus of power in reserve, the nation’s… More
Vietnam Report: Response
– Huntington, Samuel P. "Vietnam Report: Response." Science 235 (1987): 1448.The U.S.: Decline or Renewal?
– Huntington, Samuel P. "The U.S.: Decline or Renewal?" Foreign Affairs v. 67, n. 2 (1988): 76-96.In 1988 the United States reached the zenith of its fifth wave of declinism since the 1950s. The roots of this phenomenon lie in the political economy literature of the early 1980s that… More
The Concept of Military Professionalism
– Harries-Jenkins, Gwyn. "The Concept of Military Professionalism." Defense Analysis 6:2 (Jun. 1990): 117-130.“The publication in 1957 of Huntington’s The Soldier and the State and of Janowitz’s The Professional Soldier 3 years later stimulated considerable interest in the study… More
The Long Shadow of the Soldier and the State
– Coffman, Edward. "The Long Shadow of the Soldier and the State." The Journal of Military History. 55:1 (Jan. 1991): 69-82.If Not Civilizations, What? Paradigms of the Post-Cold War World
– Huntington, Samuel P. "If Not Civilizations, What? Paradigms of the Post-Cold War World." Foreign Affairs v. 72, n. 5 (1993): 186-194.When people think seriously, they think abstractly; they conjure up simplified pictures of reality called concepts, theories, models, paradigms. Without such intellectual constructs, there… More
Why International Primacy Matters
– Huntington, Samuel P. "Why International Primacy Matters." International Security v. 17, n. 4 (1993): 68-83.Does international primacy matter? The answer seems so obvious that one first wonders why someone as intelligent, perceptive, and knowledgeable as Robert Jervis raises the question. On… More
An Exchange on Civil-Military Relations
– Kohn, Richard, Colin Powell, John Lehman, William Odom, Samuel Huntington, "An Exchange on Civil-Military Relations," The National Interest 36 (Summer 1994): 23-31“Of all the problems facing the nation, a crisis in civil-military relations is not one of them and things are not out of control. Mr. Kohn lays major responsibility for this… More
The Clash of Civilizations: The Debate
– Ed. Huntington, Samuel P. The Clash of Civilizations: The Debate. New York: Foreign Affairs, 1996.According to Samuel Huntington’s seminal 1993 essay, The Clash of Civilizations, world politics is entering a new phase, in which the great divisions among humankind and the… More
The Civil-military Problematique: Huntington, Janowitz and the Question of Civilian Control
– Feaver, Peter. "The Civil-military Problematique: Huntington, Janowitz and the Question of Civilian Control." Armed Forces and Society: An Interdisciplinary Journal 23:2 (Winter 1996): 149-178.“The alleged crisis in American civil-military relations has revived a long-standing theoretical debate about the determinants of civilian control. So far, the debate has followed… More
An American Crisis in Civilian Control and Civil-military Relations?
– Feaver, Peter D. "An American Crisis in Civilian Control and Civil-military Relations?" Tocqueville Review 17:1 (1996): 159-182.The West: Unique, Not Universal
– Huntington, Samuel P. "The West: Unique, Not Universal." Foreign Affairs v. 75, n. 6 (1996): 28.In recent years Westerners have reassured themselves and irritated others by expounding the notion that the culture of the West is and ought to be the culture of the world. This conceit… More
The Erosion of American National Interests
– Huntington, Samuel P. "The Erosion of American National Interests." Foreign Affairs v. 76, n. 5 (1997): 28.The years since the end of the Cold War have seen intense, wide-ranging, and confused debates about American national interests. Much of this confusion stems from the complexity of the… More
The Promise of Globalization or the Clash of Civilizations
– Neckerman, Peter. "The Promise of Globalization or the Clash of Civilizations." World and I 13:2 (Dec. 1998): 314.“If I were asked to give a name to our century, I would not hesitate for a single moment. I would call it the “Century of Globalization,” because this will be its lasting… More
A Clash of Civilizations: An Idée Fixe?
– Senghaas, Deiter. "A Clash of Civilizations: An Idée Fixe?" Journal of Peace Research 35:1 (Jan 1998): 127-132.Huntington’s thesis on the prospective clash of civilizations is criticized in two directions: neither the original article or the book gives any systematic analysis of the inherent… More
From Modernization Theory Towards the ‘Clash of Civilizations’: Directions and Paradigm Shifts in Samuel Huntington’s Analysis and Prognosis of Global Development
– Kreutzmann, Hermann. "From Modernization Theory Towards the 'Clash of Civilizations': Directions and Paradigm Shifts in Samuel Huntington's Analysis and Prognosis of Global Development." GeoJournal, 46:4 (1998): 255-265.This paper critically discusses Samuel Huntington’s contribution to development studies. Long before his currently debated work on the clash of civilizations, Huntington wrote on the… More
Samuel Huntington and Communist Civil-Military Relations
– Herspring, Dale. "Samuel Huntington and Communist Civil-Military Relations." Armed Forces and Society: An Interdisciplinary Journal 25:4 (Summer 1999): 557-577.“Contrary to Huntington’s hypothesis, analysis suggests that the relationship between the party-political apparatus and line elements of the armed forces of the former Soviet… More
Managing the ‘Expert Problem’ in Civil-Military Relations
– Bland, Douglas. "Managing the 'Expert Problem' in Civil-Military Relations." European Security 8:3 (Autumn 1999): 25-43.Samuel Huntington once defined ‘the modern problem of civil‐military relations’ as managing the relationship between military experts and civilian ministers. The expert/minister… More
The Lonely Superpower
– Huntington, Samuel P. "The Lonely Superpower." Foreign Affairs v. 78, n. 2 (1999): 35.During the past decade global politics has changed fundamentally in two ways. First, it has been substantially reconfigured along cultural and civilizational lines, as I have highlighted in… More
Clash of Civilizations, or Realism and Liberalism Déjà Vu? Some Evidence
– Russett, Bruce and John Oneal and Michaelene Cox. "Clash of Civilizations, or Realism and Liberalism Déjà Vu? Some Evidence." Journal of Peace Research 37:5 (Sep. 2000): 583-608.We assess the degree to which propositions from Samuel Huntington’s The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order can account for the incidence of militarized interstate… More
Globalization and Political Strategy
– Jameson, Fredric. "Globalization and Political Strategy." New Left Review 4 (2000): 49-68.Attempts to define globalization often seem little better than so many ideological appropriations—discussions not of the process itself, but of its effects, good or bad: judgements, in… More
Robust Nationalism
– Huntington, Samuel P. "Robust Nationalism." The National Interest v. 58 (2000): 31.Is there such a thing as a conservative foreign policy? There was during the Cold War, but now the answer appears to be “no.” People who consider themselves conservative and are… More
Dialogue Among Civilizations: Possibilities after Huntington
– Healey, Stephen. "Dialogue Among Civilizations: Possibilities after Huntington." International Journal on World Peace. 18:1 (Mar. 2001): 7-14.“Samuel Huntington’s 1993 Foreign Affairs article “The Clash of Civilizations?” was greeted with a hailstorm of protest, but many also felt that Huntington had grasped something… More
Clear and Present Strangers: The Clash of Civilizations and International Conflict
– Henderson, Erroll and Richard Tucker. "Clear and Present Strangers: The Clash of Civilizations and International Conflict." International Studies Quarterly 45:2 (Jun. 2001): 317-338.“Huntington’s (1993a, 1993b, 1996) clash of civilizations thesis suggests that states belonging to different civilizations are more likely to become involved in conflict with… More
Two Civilizations and Ethnic Conflict: Islam and the West
– Fox, Jonathan. "Two Civilizations and Ethnic Conflict: Islam and the West." Journal of Peace Research 38:4 (Jul. 2001): 459-472.Samuel Huntington’s controversial ‘Clash of Civilizations’ argument posits, among other things, that the extent of both international and domestic conflict between… More
Islamic Culture and Democracy: Testing the ‘Clash of Civilizations’ Thesis
– Inglehard, Ronald. "Islamic Culture and Democracy: Testing the 'Clash of Civilizations' Thesis." Comparative Sociology 1:3 (2002): 235-263.In seeking to understand the root causes of the events of 9/11 many accounts have turned to Samuel P. Huntington’s provocative and controversial thesis of a “clash of… More
Islam and the West
– Bilgrami, Akeel. "Islam and the West." Philosophy & Social Criticism 38:5 (2002): 477-483.This short essay analyzes the deception and self-deception in talk of ‘the clash of civilizations’ and proceeds to diagnose what is wrong in the standard understanding of Islam in the… More
If Not a Clash, Then What? Huntington, Nishida Kitaro and the Politics of Civilizations
– Jones, Christopher. "If Not a Clash, Then What? Huntington, Nishida Kitaro and the Politics of Civilizations." International Relations of the Asia Pacific 2.2 (Aug 1, 2002): 223-243.The debate surrounding Samuel Huntington’s influential Clash of Civilizations thesis has been focused too narrowly on the accuracy of his categorization of civilizations. This focus… More
Is There a Clash of Civilizations? Evidence from Patterns of International Conflict Involvement, 1946-97
– Chiozza, Giacomo. "Is There a Clash of Civilizations? Evidence from Patterns of International Conflict Involvement, 1946-97." Journal of Peace Research 39:6 (Nov. 2002): 711-734.This article offers an empirical test of Huntington’s thesis in The Clash of Civilizations. Huntington argues that states belonging to different civilizations will have a higher… More
The ‘Clash of Civilizations’ and Postcommunist Europe
– Miller, Bill. "The 'Clash of Civilizations' and Postcommunist Europe." Comparative European Politics 1:2 (2003): 111-127.Samuel Huntington’s ‘clash of civilizations’ thesis has been widely disputed, but rarely challenged on the basis of individual-level data. Focusing on two postcommunist societies… More
Samuel Huntington and the Geopolitics of American Identity: The Function of Foreign Policy in America’s Domestic Clash of Civilizations
– El-Din, Aysha. "Samuel Huntington and the Geopolitics of American Identity: The Function of Foreign Policy in America's Domestic Clash of Civilizations." International Studies Review, 5:1 (2003): 53-76.The clash of civilizations thesis’s true origins lie partly in problems Samuel Huntington sees brewing in his own country. His thesis is to a considerable extent an externalization of… More
Huntington’s Shift to the Declinist Camp: Conservative Declinism and the ‘Historical Function’ of the Clash of Civilizations
– El-Din, Aysha. "Huntington’s Shift to the Declinist Camp: Conservative Declinism and the ‘Historical Function’ of the Clash of Civilizations." International Relations 17:4 (2003): 429-452.Samuel Huntington, a severe critic of decline theory and an adamant revivalist, shifted radically to the declinist camp with the end of the Cold War, his penultimate declinist vision being… More
The Irony of Western Ideas in a Multicultural World: Russians’ Intellectual Engagement with the “End of History” and “Clash of Civilizations
– Tsygankov, Andrei. "The Irony of Western Ideas in a Multicultural World: Russians' Intellectual Engagement with the 'End of History' and 'Clash of Civilizations.'" International Studies Review 5:1 (Mar. 2003), 53-76.International ideas can make important contributions to how local cultures and civilizations perceive each other. Indeed, ideas formulated in one society can be misunderstood by the… More
The US Media, Huntington and September 11
– Abrahamian, Ervand. "The US Media, Huntington and September 11." Third World Quarterly, 24:3 (Jun. 2003): 529-544.The mainstream quality media in the USA—unlike that of Europe— framed September 11 within the context of Islam, culture and civilisations. In other words, it explained the crisis by… More
Armed Servants: Agency, Oversight, and Civil-Military Relations
– Feaver, Peter. Armed Servants: Agency, Oversight, and Civil-Military Relations. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2003.How do civilians control the military? In the wake of September 11, the renewed presence of national security in everyday life has made this question all the more pressing. In this book,… More
Two Wests
– Huntington, Samuel P and Anthony Giddens. "Two Wests." New Perspectives Quarterly v. 20, n. 4 (2003): 37-43.The central division in the West is one which so many people have focused on: the difference in power between the United States and Europe. This division naturally gives rise to… More
The News Media and the “Clash of Civilizations”
– Seib, Philip. "The News Media and the 'Clash of Civilizations.'" Parameters 34:4 (Winter 2004): 71-86.The “call to jihad is rising in the streets of Europe, and is being answered,” reported The New York Times in April 2004. The Times story quoted a Muslim cleric in Britain touting the… More
Who Are We?: The Challenges to America’s National Identity
– Huntington, Samuel P. Who Are We?: The Challenges to America’s National Identity. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2005.In his seminal work The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order, Samuel Huntington argued provocatively and presciently that with the end of the cold war,… More
Not Letting Evidence Get in the Way of Assumptions: Testing the Clash of Civilizations Thesis with More Recent Data
– Henderson, Errol A. "Not Letting Evidence Get in the Way of Assumptions: Testing the Clash of Civilizations Thesis with More Recent Data." International Politics 42:4 (2005): 458-469.In this research note I examine Huntington’s ‘clash of civilizations’ thesis in the light of his arguments to his detractors to apply his thesis to post-Cold War armed… More
Huntington’s Dog that Didn’t Bark: Africa in the “Clash of Civilizations”
– Hawker, Geoffrey. "Huntington's Dog that Didn't Bark: Africa in the 'Clash of Civilizations.'" Journal of Contemporary Analysis. 77:3 (May-June 2005): 7-11.Paradigm Lost: Huntington’s Unfulfilled Clash of Civilizations Prediction into the 21st Century
– Fox, Jonathan. "Paradigm Lost: Huntington's Unfulfilled Clash of Civilizations Prediction into the 21st Century." International Politics 42:4 (Dec. 2005): 428-457.This study addresses a gap in the quantitative literature which tests Samuel Huntington’s Clash of Civilization theory (CoC). Nearly all of the quantitative studies which directly… More
Political Islam, Clash of Civilizations, U.S. Dominance and Arab Support of Attacks on America: A Test of a Hierarchical Model
– Mostafa Mohammed and Mohanedt Al-Hamdi, "Political Islam, Clash of Civilizations, U.S. Dominance and Arab Support of Attacks on America: A Test of a Hierarchical Model." Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, 30:8 (2007): 723-736.This study examines two theses used to explain Arab support of the 11 September attacks on the United States: clash of civilizations and anti-dominance reaction to perceived American… More
The Future of Freedom: Illiberal democracy at home and abroad
– Zakaria, Fareed. The Future of Freedom: Illiberal Democracy at Home and Abroad. New York: Norton & Co, 2007.Translated into twenty languages The Future of Freedom is a modern classic that uses historical analysis to shed light on the present, examining how democracy has changed our politics,… More
US Civil-military Relations Challenged by the Iraqi case — Functional Dualism and Strategic Splitting
– Duran, Etienne. "US civil-military Relations Challenged by the Iraqi case — Functional Dualism and Strategic Splitting." Revue Internationale de Politque Comparee 15:1 (2008) 93-116.American Civil-Military Relations: The Soldier and the State in a New Era
– Eds. Nielson, Suzanne and Don Snider. American Civil-Military Relations: The Soldier and the State in a New Era. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2009.American Civil-Military Relations offers the first comprehensive assessment of the subject since the publication of Samuel P. Huntington’s field-defining book, The Soldier and the State.… More
A Scholar and a Gentleman by Eliot Cohen
– Eliot Cohen, "A Scholar and a Gentleman," Weekly Standard, January 19, 2009.Excerpt: As the obituary notices will tell you, Samuel Huntington was a controversial figure. They lead, normally, with a reference to “Clash of Civilizations?” his 1993 Foreign… More
“A Zone of Deep Shadow”: Pedagogical and Familial Reflections on “The Clash of Civilizations”
– Jardine, David, Rahat Naqvi and Eric Jardine. ""A Zone of Deep Shadow": Pedagogical and Familial Reflections on "The Clash of Civilizations"." Interchange: A Quarterly Review of Education, Vol. 41:3 (2010): 209-232.This paper examines the media coverage of the murder of a young Muslim girl in Mississauga, Ontario in December 2007. We examine how that coverage moved from concerns for a terrible family… More
A Celebration of the Life and Thought of Samuel P. Huntington
From a panel sponsored by the National Endowment for Democracy. As was confirmed by the many tributes that marked his passing on December 24, Samuel P. Huntington was one of the greatest… More
Political Utilisation of Scholarly Ideas: the ‘Clash of Civilisations’ vs. ‘Soft Power’ in US Foreign Policy
– Erikkson, Johan and Ludvig Norman, "Political Utilisation of Scholarly Ideas: the 'Clash of Civilisations' vs. 'Soft Power' in US Foreign Policy." Review of International Studies 37:1 (Jan. 2011): 417-436.This article discusses how and under what conditions ideas coming from International Relations (IR) scholarship are used in foreign policy. We argue that the focus on policy relevance,… More
Samuel Huntington on the ‘Clash of Civilizations’
From the Charlie Rose Show.
Samuel Huntington’s Clash of Civilizations or Francis Fukuyama’s End of History?
In this 1992 lecture at the American Enterprise institute a young Francis Fukuyama best known as the author of The End of History and the Last Man challenges his former professor Samuel P.… More
American Civil-military Relations Today: The Continuing Relevance of Samuel P. Huntington’s The Soldier and the State
– Nielson, Suzanne. "American Civil-military Relations Today: the Continuing Relevance of Samuel P. Huntington’s The Soldier and the State." International Affairs, 88:2 (Mar. 2012): 369-376.Fifty-five years after it was first published, Samuel Huntington’s The soldier and the state remains an essential starting point for serious discussions of American civil–military… More
American Civil-Military Relations: Samuel P. Huntington and the Political Dimensions of Military Professionalism,
– Nix, Dwayne. "American Civil-Military Relations: Samuel P. Huntington and the Political Dimensions of Military Professionalism." Naval War College Review, 65:2 (Spring 2012): 88-104.Samuel P. Huntington died in December 2008, but this Harvard academic continues to have a significant impact on the conduct and state of American civil-military relations. Mackubin… More
Was Huntington Right? Revisiting the Clash of Civilizations
– Ayoob, Mohammed. "Was Huntington Right? Revisiting the Clash of Civilizations." Insight Turkey 14:4 (Fall 2012): 1-12.This essay is an attempt to revisit Samuel Huntington’s controversial thesis about a clash of civilizations. Though the author has been an early critique of Huntington, he finds… More
The Clash of Civilizations Revisited
– Huntington, Samuel P. The Clash of Civilizations Revisited. New Perspectives Quarterly v. 30, n. 4 (2013): 46-54.My view is that relations between countries in the coming decades are most likely to reflect their cultural commitments, their cultural ties and antagonism with other countries rather than… More
Anglosphere Exceptionalism
– Windschuttle, Keith. "Anglosphere Exceptionalism" New Criterion, 32:5 (Jan 2014): 23-29.In 1996, when I visited New York to speak at some local universities, I was surprised to read a story on the front page of The New York Times. The Republican Governor of the state, George… More