Tag: American Politics

Topics

Books

The Election Tactics of the Nonpartisan League

– Huntington, Samuel P. "The Election Tactics of the Nonpartisan League." The Mississippi Valley Historical Review. v.36, n. 4: 613-632.
“For many years a problem relating to the nature of the American party system has confronted politicians and reformers on one hand and historians and political scientists on the… More

The Marasmus of the ICC: The Commission, the Railroads, and the Public Interest

– Huntington, Samuel P. "The Marasmus of the ICC: The Commission, the Railroads, and the Public Interest." The Yale Law Journal v. 61, n. 4 (Apr 1952): 467-509
“Among the myriad federal agencies concerned with transportation, the Interstate Commerce Commission has long been preeminent. It is the oldest transportation regulatory commission,… More

The ICC Re-Examined: A Colloquy

– Huntington, Samuel P, CP Dickerman and Charles S. Morgan. The Yale Law Journal (1952): 44-63.
“Mr. Williams criticisms in Transportation Regulation are inefect limited to my recommendation in the Marasmus that the regulatory functions of the ICC should be placed within the… More

Civilian Control and the Constitution

– Huntington, Samuel P. "Civilian Control and the Constitution." American Political Science Review v. 50, n. 3 (1956): 676-699.
“Civilian control of the military is a basic principle of the American Constitution”; so runs the commonplace. It is the thesis of this article that the eliche could hardly be… More

The Soldier and the State: The Theory and Politics of Civil-Military Relations

– Huntington, Samuel P. The Soldier and the State: The Theory and Politics of Civil-Military Relations. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1957.
“In a classic work, Samuel P. Huntington challenges most of the old assumptions and ideas on the role of the military in society. Stressing the value of the military outlook for… More

Conservatism as an Ideology

– Huntington, Samuel P. "Conservatism as an Ideology." The American Political Science Review v. 51, n. 2 (1957): 454-473.
“Does conservative political thought have a place in America today? The answer to this question depends on the general nature of conservatism as in ideology: its distinguishing… More

Communications

– Hacker, Louise M. and Samuel P. Huntington. "Communications." American Political Science Review v. 51, n. 4 (1957): 1062-1064.

The Common Defense: Strategic Programs in National Politics

– Huntington, Samuel P. The Common Defense: Strategic Programs in National Politics. New York, Columbia University Press, 1961.
“Professor Robert Bowie of Harvard, who formerly headed the State Department’s policy planning staff, remarked a year ago that “we just don’t know much about …… More

The New Civil-Military Relations

– Lyons, Gene. "The New Civil-Military Relations." American Political Science Review 55 (March 1961): 53-60.
“Historically the character of civil-military relations in the United States has been dominated by the concept of civilian control of the military. This has largely been a response to… More

Equilibrium and Disequilibrium in American Military Policy

– Huntington, Samuel P. "Equilibrium and Disequilibrium in American Military Policy." Political Science Quarterly v. 76, n. 4 (1961): 481-502.
“For fifteen years American military policy has been in a state of turmoil and change. As a result, perhaps, stability has ranked high as a goal of military policy. In some respects… More

Interservice Competition and the Political Roles of the Armed Services

– Huntington, Samuel P. "Interservice Competition and the Political Roles of the Armed Services." The American Political Science Review v. 55, n. 1 (1961): 40-52.
“Conventional wisdom” (to purloin a phrase from Galbraith) holds that interservice competition necessarily undermines economy, efficiency, and effective central control in the military… More

Political Power: USA/USSR

– Brzezinsky, Zbigniew and Samuel P. Huntington. Political Power: USA/USSR. New York: Viking Press, 1964.
“This is a stimulating study by two creative and productive young political scientists. Professor Brzezinski is the author of several important works on Soviet and Eastern European… More

Political Ideals and the Military Ethic

– Guttman, Allen. "Political Ideals and the Military Ethic." American Scholar 34:2 (Spring 1965): 221-237.
“From the 1770s to the 1960s, from the Committee of Correspondence to S.N.C.C., American political rhetoric has remained remarkably constant. Liberty and equality. Although each… More

Political Development and the Decline of the American System of World Order

– Huntington, Samuel P. "Political Development and the Decline of the American System of World Order." Daedalus  v. 96, n. 3 (1967): 927-929.
“By the year 2000 it should be clear retrospectively that the dominant feature of international politics during the thirty years after WWII was neither the East-West confrontation… More

Foreign Aid for What and for Whom

– Huntington, Samuel P. "Foreign Aid for What and for Whom." Foreign Policy v. 1 (1970): 161-189.
“Foreign Aid: Billions in Search of a Good Reason” was the title of a 1963 Fortune article by Charles J. V. Murphy. Seven years later, the billions may be fewer in number, but… More

Why “Foreign Policy”?

– Huntington, Samuel P. and Warren Demian Manshel. "Why "Foreign Policy"?" Foreign Policy v. 1 (1970): 3-5.

Foreign Aid for What and for Whom (II)

– Huntington, Samuel P. "Foreign Aid for What and for Whom (II)." Foreign Policy v. 2 (1971): 114-134.
“The year 1971 could be an historic one for US foreign aid. Congress and the President have the opportunity this year to make fundamental innovations. The effort is timely, for many… More

After Containment: The Functions of the Military Establishment

– Huntington, Samuel P. "After Containment: The Functions of the Military Establishment." Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science v. 406 (1973): 1-16.
After World War II, the United States reconstituted its military policy for the third time in its history. A strategy of deterrence was adopted as the military counterpart to a foreign… More

Paradigms of American Politics: Beyond the One, the Two, and the Many

– Huntington, Samuel P. "Paradigms of American Politics: Beyond the One, the Two, and the Many." Political Science Quarterly v. 89, n. 1 (1974): 1-26.
“In American social studies,” Louis Hartz observed eighteen years ago, “we still live in the shadow of the Progressive era.” The book in which he wrote these words… More

Postindustrial Politics: How Benign Will It Be?

– Huntington, Samuel P. "Postindustrial Politics: How Benign Will It Be?" Comparative Politics v. 6 n. 2 (1974): 163-191.
The concept of postindustrial society was advanced in the early 1960s by Daniel Bell as a model of society comparable to, but significantly different from, models of industrial and agrarian… More

Trade, Technology, and Leverage: Economic Diplomacy

– Huntington, Samuel P, Franklyn Holzman, Richard Portes, John Kiser, Maurice J. Mountain, and Robert Klitgaard. "Trade, Technology, and Leverage: Economic Diplomacy." Foreign Policy v. 32 (1978): 63-106.
An effective and realistic approach to US-Soviet economic relations today must reflect the key characteristics of the current phase of the superpower relationship. This phase differs… More

American Politics: The Promise of Disharmony

– Huntington, Samuel. American Politics: The Promise of Disharmony. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1981.
“This stunningly persuasive book examines the persistent, radical gap between the promise of American ideals and the performance of American politics. Samuel P. Huntington shows how… More

The Democratic Temper

– Beer, Samuel. "The Democratic Temper." The New Republic 185 (Nov. 11, 1981): 30-33.
“This brilliant book should have been published a year ago. In the last days of the Carter Administration it did seem as if our political institutions suffered from a deepening… More

The Strategic Imperative: New Policies for American Security

– Ed. Huntington, Samuel P. The Strategic Imperative: New Policies for American Security. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1982.
This product of Harvard’s new Program in National Security Studies is an interesting collection of essays which, in contrast to the Blechman volume (above), places comparatively… More

The ‘American Creed’ and Constitutional Theory

– Smith, Rogers M. "The 'American Creed' and Constitutional Theory." Harvard Law Review 95 (May 1982): 1691-1702.
“Political scientist Samuel P. Huntington’s scholarship has been unified by an ongoing concern for the basis of political authority in various political arenas. This concern… More

American Ideals versus American Institutions

– Huntington, Samuel P. "American Ideals versus American Institutions." Political Science Quarterly v. 97, n. 1 (1982): 1-37.
Throughout the history of the United States a broad consensus has existed among the American people in support of liberal, democratic, individualistic, and egalitarian values. These… More

Living with Nuclear Weapons

– Carnesale, Albert, Paul Doty, Stanley Hoffman, Samuel P. Huntington, Joseph D. Nye Jr., Scott Sagan, Derek Bok. Living with Nuclear Weapons. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1983.
At the request of the President of Harvard University, six Harvard scholars have joined forces to write a book that lays out the facts about nuclear weapons for all concerned citizens who… More

Samuel P. Huntington: An Appreciation

– Putnam, Robert. "Samuel P. Huntington: An Appreciation." Political Science and Politics 19:4 (Autumn, 1986): 837-845.
“To survey the life and work of Samuel P. Huntington, the new President of the American Political Science Association, is a challenging task. First, even more than most other leaders… More

Coping with the Lippmann Gap

– Huntington, Samuel P. "Coping with the Lippmann Gap." Foreign Affairs v. 66, n. 3 (1987): 453-477.
Foreign policy,” wrote Walter Lippmann in 1943 in an oft-quoted phrase, “consists in bringing into balance, with a comfortable surplus of power in reserve, the nation’s… More

The U.S.: Decline or Renewal?

– Huntington, Samuel P. "The U.S.: Decline or Renewal?" Foreign Affairs v. 67, n. 2 (1988): 76-96.
In 1988 the United States reached the zenith of its fifth wave of declinism since the 1950s. The roots of this phenomenon lie in the political economy literature of the early 1980s that… More

The Concept of Military Professionalism

– Harries-Jenkins, Gwyn. "The Concept of Military Professionalism." Defense Analysis 6:2 (Jun. 1990): 117-130.
“The publication in 1957 of Huntington’s The Soldier and the State and of Janowitz’s The Professional Soldier 3 years later stimulated considerable interest in the study… More

Why International Primacy Matters

– Huntington, Samuel P. "Why International Primacy Matters." International Security v. 17, n. 4 (1993): 68-83.
Does international primacy matter? The answer seems so obvious that one first wonders why someone as intelligent, perceptive, and knowledgeable as Robert Jervis raises the question. On… More

An Exchange on Civil-Military Relations

– Kohn, Richard, Colin Powell, John Lehman, William Odom, Samuel Huntington, "An Exchange on Civil-Military Relations," The National Interest 36 (Summer 1994): 23-31
“Of all the problems facing the nation, a crisis in civil-military relations is not one of them and things are not out of control. Mr. Kohn lays major responsibility for this… More

The Civil-military Problematique: Huntington, Janowitz and the Question of Civilian Control

– Feaver, Peter. "The Civil-military Problematique: Huntington, Janowitz and the Question of Civilian Control." Armed Forces and Society: An Interdisciplinary Journal 23:2 (Winter 1996): 149-178.
“The alleged crisis in American civil-military relations has revived a long-standing theoretical debate about the determinants of civilian control. So far, the debate has followed… More

The Erosion of American National Interests

– Huntington, Samuel P. "The Erosion of American National Interests." Foreign Affairs v. 76, n. 5 (1997): 28.
The years since the end of the Cold War have seen intense, wide-ranging, and confused debates about American national interests. Much of this confusion stems from the complexity of the… More

The Lonely Superpower

– Huntington, Samuel P. "The Lonely Superpower." Foreign Affairs v. 78, n. 2 (1999): 35.
During the past decade global politics has changed fundamentally in two ways. First, it has been substantially reconfigured along cultural and civilizational lines, as I have highlighted in… More

Culture Matters: How Values Shape Human Progress

– Ed. Harrison, Lawrence and Samuel P. Huntington. Culture Matters: How Values Shape Human Progress. New York: Basic Books, 2000.
“The Asian and Russian financial crises have helped fuel a growing debate over the impact of culture on economic performance. In this useful guide to the controversy, many authors… More

Robust Nationalism

– Huntington, Samuel P. "Robust Nationalism." The National Interest v. 58 (2000): 31.
Is there such a thing as a conservative foreign policy? There was during the Cold War, but now the answer appears to be “no.” People who consider themselves conservative and are… More

Try Again: A Reply to Russett, Oneal & Cox

– Huntington, Samuel P. "Try Again: A Reply to Russett, Oneal & Cox." Journal of Peace Research v. 37, n. 5 (2000): 609-610.
Russett, Oneal & Cox (2000) (henceforth RO&C) claim that their analysis of militarized interstate disputes between 1950 and 1992 provides a test of my hypotheses concerning clashes… More

The Special Case of Mexican Immigration

– Huntington, Samuel P, Georgie Anne Geyer, Peter Skerry, Linda Chavez, and Barbara Curtis. "The Special Case of Mexican Immigration." The American Enterprise v. 11, n. 8 (2000): 20.
America is often described as a country defined by a commitment to a creed formulated in the writings of our Founders. But American identity is only partly a matter of creed. For much of… More

Looking the World in the Eye by Robert D. Kaplan

– Kaplan, Robert. "Looking the World in the Eye." The Atlantic 288:5 (Dec. 2001): 68-82.
Excerpt: The most memorable review that Samuel Phillips Huntington, the Albert J. Weatherhead III University Professor at Harvard, ever got was a bad one. “Imagine,” Huntington… More

Samuel Huntington and the Geopolitics of American Identity: The Function of Foreign Policy in America’s Domestic Clash of Civilizations

– El-Din, Aysha. "Samuel Huntington and the Geopolitics of American Identity: The Function of Foreign Policy in America's Domestic Clash of Civilizations." International Studies Review, 5:1 (2003): 53-76.
The clash of civilizations thesis’s true origins lie partly in problems Samuel Huntington sees brewing in his own country. His thesis is to a considerable extent an externalization of… More

Huntington’s Shift to the Declinist Camp: Conservative Declinism and the ‘Historical Function’ of the Clash of Civilizations

– El-Din, Aysha. "Huntington’s Shift to the Declinist Camp: Conservative Declinism and the ‘Historical Function’ of the Clash of Civilizations." International Relations 17:4 (2003): 429-452.
Samuel Huntington, a severe critic of decline theory and an adamant revivalist, shifted radically to the declinist camp with the end of the Cold War, his penultimate declinist vision being… More

The US Media, Huntington and September 11

– Abrahamian, Ervand. "The US Media, Huntington and September 11." Third World Quarterly, 24:3 (Jun. 2003): 529-544.
The mainstream quality media in the USA—unlike that of Europe— framed September 11 within the context of Islam, culture and civilisations. In other words, it explained the crisis by… More

Armed Servants: Agency, Oversight, and Civil-Military Relations

– Feaver, Peter. Armed Servants: Agency, Oversight, and Civil-Military Relations. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2003.
How do civilians control the military? In the wake of September 11, the renewed presence of national security in everyday life has made this question all the more pressing. In this book,… More

Osama bin Laden Has Given Common Identity Back to the West

– Huntington, Samuel P. "Osama bin Laden Has Given Common Identity Back to the West." New Perspectives Quarterly v. 19, n. 1 (2003): 5-8.
Osama bin Laden has declared war on Western civilization, and in particular the United States. If the Muslim community to which Bin Laden is appealing rallies to him, then it will become a… More

Two Wests

– Huntington, Samuel P and Anthony Giddens.  "Two Wests." New Perspectives Quarterly v. 20, n. 4 (2003): 37-43.
The central division in the West is one which so many people have focused on: the difference in power between the United States and Europe. This division naturally gives rise to… More

Huntington or Halliburton? The Real Clash of Civilizations in American Life

– James, Christine. "Huntington or Halliburton? The Real Clash of Civilizations in American Life." Journal for the Study of Religion and Ideologies 3:8 (2004): 43-54.
A wide variety of sources, including the Huntington literature and popular mass media, show that Huntington’s “clash of civilizations” idea actually has very little value in… More

Native Son: Samuel Huntington Defends the Homeland

– Wolfe, Alan. "Native Son: Samuel Huntington Defends the Homeland." Foreign Affairs 83:3 (May-June 2004): 120.
In the course of a remarkably distinguished academic career, Samuel Huntington has demonstrated a steadfast commitment to realism. Distaste for sentimentality is certainly on display in his… More

Getting Me Wrong [with Reply]

– Huntington, Samuel P and Alan Wolfe. "Getting Me Wrong [with Reply]." Foreign Affairs v. 83, n. 5 (2004): 155-159.
In evaluating a novel, a poem, or a scholarly study, it can be useful and insightful to consider that work in the context of the author’s other writings, if those exist. For social… More

Dead Souls

– Huntington, Samuel P. "Dead Souls." The National Interest v. 75, n. 5 (2004): 5.
Debates over national identity are a pervasive characteristic of our time. In part, they raise rhetorical questions, but they also have profound implications for American society and… More

Are We A Nation “Under God”?

– Huntington, Samuel P. "Are We A Nation "Under God”?" The American Enterprise v. 15, n. 5, (2004): 18.
As this issue of The American Enterprise goes to press this June, the U.S. Supreme Court is considering whether the words “under G-d” in the Pledge of Allegiance are a… More

One Nation, Out of Many

– Huntington, Samuel P. "One Nation, Out of Many." The American Enterprise v. 15, n. 6, (2004): 20.
America’s core culture has primarily been the culture of the seventeenth- and eighteenth-century settlers who founded our nation. The central elements of that culture are the Christian… More

The Hispanic Challenge

– Huntington, Samuel P. "The Hispanic Challenge." Foreign Policy v. 141 (2004): 30-45.
The persistent inflow of Hispanic immigrants threatens to divide the United States into two peoples, two cultures, and two languages. Unlike past immigrant groups, Mexicans and other… More

Who Are We?: The Challenges to America’s National Identity

– Huntington, Samuel P. Who Are We?: The Challenges to America’s National Identity. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2005.
In his seminal work The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order, Samuel Huntington argued provocatively and presciently that with the end of the cold war,… More

Problems of Identity in America: Two Views

– Black, Jeremy and John Zmirak. "Problems of Identity in America: Two Views." Modern Age 47:3 (Summer 2005): 278-285.
This is a rare book – erudite and readable, analytical but urgent, a work of political science which the author admits he wrote as “a patriot.” While few political theorists… More

What are we to make of Samuel Huntington?

– Skerry, Peter. "What are we to make of Samuel Huntington?" Society 43:1 (Nov-Dec 2005): 82-92.
“At one point in Who Are We? Samuel Huntington related a little-known episode of the Mexican War, in which Irish immigrant soldier deserted the American army to serve with their… More

The Crisis of American National Identity by Charles Kesler

– Kesler, Charles. "The Crisis of American National Identity." Claremont Review of Books 5:4 (Fall 2005): 24-30.
About a decade ago, when he was vice president, Al Gore explained that our national motto, e pluribus unum, means “from one, many.” This was a sad day for knowledge of Latin… More

Political Islam, Clash of Civilizations, U.S. Dominance and Arab Support of Attacks on America: A Test of a Hierarchical Model

– Mostafa Mohammed and Mohanedt Al-Hamdi, "Political Islam, Clash of Civilizations, U.S. Dominance and Arab Support of Attacks on America: A Test of a Hierarchical Model." Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, 30:8 (2007): 723-736.
This study examines two theses used to explain Arab support of the 11 September attacks on the United States: clash of civilizations and anti-dominance reaction to perceived American… More

The Future of Freedom: Illiberal democracy at home and abroad

– Zakaria, Fareed. The Future of Freedom: Illiberal Democracy at Home and Abroad. New York: Norton & Co, 2007.
Translated into twenty languages The Future of Freedom is a modern classic that uses historical analysis to shed light on the present, examining how democracy has changed our politics,… More

Testing Huntington: Is Hispanic Immigration a Threat to American Identity?

– Citrin, Jack and Amy Lerman, Michael Murakami, and Kathryn Pearson. "Testing Huntington: Is Hispanic Immigration a Threat to American Identity?" Perspectives on Politics 5:1 (March 2007): 31-48.
Samuel Huntington argues that the sheer number, concentration, linguistic homogeneity, and other characteristic of Hispanic immigrants will erode the dominance of English as a nationally… More

American Immigration through Comparativists’ Eyes

– Laitin, David. "American Immigration through Comparativists' Eyes." Comparative Politics 41:1 (Oct. 2008) 103-120.
Immigration and its challenge to national identities are unleashing political conflict throughout the world. Three of the founders of modern comparative politics—Samuel Huntington,… More

A Scholar and a Gentleman

– Desch, Michael. "A Scholar and a Gentleman," American Conservative 8:2 (Jan. 26, 2009): 25-26.
Samuel Huntington died on Christmas Eve at age 81 after a long and slow decline. We have lost not only an astute public intellectual but a fine man. Fortunately, he left a rich legacy:… More

American Civil-Military Relations: The Soldier and the State in a New Era

– Eds. Nielson, Suzanne and Don Snider. American Civil-Military Relations: The Soldier and the State in a New Era. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2009.
American Civil-Military Relations offers the first comprehensive assessment of the subject since the publication of Samuel P. Huntington’s field-defining book, The Soldier and the State.… More

Samuel P. Huntington and the Ambiguities of American Power

– Zanin, Toby. "Samuel P. Huntington and the Ambiguities of American Power" International Journal 64:4 (Oct. 2009): 1109-1116
“He may not have ultimately enjoyed the last word on anything, but during a long and controversial career, Samuel Huntington (1927-2008) certainly did enjoy the exercise of initiating… More

A Scholar and a Gentleman by Eliot Cohen

– Eliot Cohen, "A Scholar and a Gentleman," Weekly Standard, January 19, 2009.
Excerpt: As the obituary notices will tell you, Samuel Huntington was a controversial figure. They lead, normally, with a reference to “Clash of Civilizations?” his 1993 Foreign… More

Who Are We? : Samuel Huntington and the Problem of American Identity

– Holloway, Carson. "Who Are We? : Samuel Huntington and the Problem of American Identity.' Perspectives on Political Science, 40:2 (2011): 106-114.
Responding to Samuel Huntington’s argument in Who Are We? The Challenges to America’s National Identity, this article explores the problematic character of American national… More

Samuel Huntington’s Legacy

– Fukuyama, Francis. "Samuel Huntington’s Legacy." Foreign Policy, Jan 5, 2011.
Of all of Samuel Huntington’s contributions to the study of politics, the most important was his 1968 work Political Order in Changing Societies. This book was probably the last major… More

American Civil-military Relations Today: The Continuing Relevance of Samuel P. Huntington’s The Soldier and the State

– Nielson, Suzanne. "American Civil-military Relations Today: the Continuing Relevance of Samuel P. Huntington’s The Soldier and the State." International Affairs, 88:2 (Mar. 2012): 369-376.
Fifty-five years after it was first published, Samuel Huntington’s The soldier and the state remains an essential starting point for serious discussions of American civil–military… More

Anglosphere Exceptionalism

– Windschuttle, Keith. "Anglosphere Exceptionalism" New Criterion, 32:5 (Jan 2014): 23-29.
In 1996, when I visited New York to speak at some local universities, I was surprised to read a story on the front page of The New York Times. The Republican Governor of the state, George… More

Essays

The Election Tactics of the Nonpartisan League

– Huntington, Samuel P. "The Election Tactics of the Nonpartisan League." The Mississippi Valley Historical Review. v.36, n. 4: 613-632.
“For many years a problem relating to the nature of the American party system has confronted politicians and reformers on one hand and historians and political scientists on the… More

The Marasmus of the ICC: The Commission, the Railroads, and the Public Interest

– Huntington, Samuel P. "The Marasmus of the ICC: The Commission, the Railroads, and the Public Interest." The Yale Law Journal v. 61, n. 4 (Apr 1952): 467-509
“Among the myriad federal agencies concerned with transportation, the Interstate Commerce Commission has long been preeminent. It is the oldest transportation regulatory commission,… More

The ICC Re-Examined: A Colloquy

– Huntington, Samuel P, CP Dickerman and Charles S. Morgan. The Yale Law Journal (1952): 44-63.
“Mr. Williams criticisms in Transportation Regulation are inefect limited to my recommendation in the Marasmus that the regulatory functions of the ICC should be placed within the… More

Civilian Control and the Constitution

– Huntington, Samuel P. "Civilian Control and the Constitution." American Political Science Review v. 50, n. 3 (1956): 676-699.
“Civilian control of the military is a basic principle of the American Constitution”; so runs the commonplace. It is the thesis of this article that the eliche could hardly be… More

The Soldier and the State: The Theory and Politics of Civil-Military Relations

– Huntington, Samuel P. The Soldier and the State: The Theory and Politics of Civil-Military Relations. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1957.
“In a classic work, Samuel P. Huntington challenges most of the old assumptions and ideas on the role of the military in society. Stressing the value of the military outlook for… More

Conservatism as an Ideology

– Huntington, Samuel P. "Conservatism as an Ideology." The American Political Science Review v. 51, n. 2 (1957): 454-473.
“Does conservative political thought have a place in America today? The answer to this question depends on the general nature of conservatism as in ideology: its distinguishing… More

Communications

– Hacker, Louise M. and Samuel P. Huntington. "Communications." American Political Science Review v. 51, n. 4 (1957): 1062-1064.

The Common Defense: Strategic Programs in National Politics

– Huntington, Samuel P. The Common Defense: Strategic Programs in National Politics. New York, Columbia University Press, 1961.
“Professor Robert Bowie of Harvard, who formerly headed the State Department’s policy planning staff, remarked a year ago that “we just don’t know much about …… More

The New Civil-Military Relations

– Lyons, Gene. "The New Civil-Military Relations." American Political Science Review 55 (March 1961): 53-60.
“Historically the character of civil-military relations in the United States has been dominated by the concept of civilian control of the military. This has largely been a response to… More

Equilibrium and Disequilibrium in American Military Policy

– Huntington, Samuel P. "Equilibrium and Disequilibrium in American Military Policy." Political Science Quarterly v. 76, n. 4 (1961): 481-502.
“For fifteen years American military policy has been in a state of turmoil and change. As a result, perhaps, stability has ranked high as a goal of military policy. In some respects… More

Interservice Competition and the Political Roles of the Armed Services

– Huntington, Samuel P. "Interservice Competition and the Political Roles of the Armed Services." The American Political Science Review v. 55, n. 1 (1961): 40-52.
“Conventional wisdom” (to purloin a phrase from Galbraith) holds that interservice competition necessarily undermines economy, efficiency, and effective central control in the military… More

Political Power: USA/USSR

– Brzezinsky, Zbigniew and Samuel P. Huntington. Political Power: USA/USSR. New York: Viking Press, 1964.
“This is a stimulating study by two creative and productive young political scientists. Professor Brzezinski is the author of several important works on Soviet and Eastern European… More

Political Ideals and the Military Ethic

– Guttman, Allen. "Political Ideals and the Military Ethic." American Scholar 34:2 (Spring 1965): 221-237.
“From the 1770s to the 1960s, from the Committee of Correspondence to S.N.C.C., American political rhetoric has remained remarkably constant. Liberty and equality. Although each… More

Political Development and the Decline of the American System of World Order

– Huntington, Samuel P. "Political Development and the Decline of the American System of World Order." Daedalus  v. 96, n. 3 (1967): 927-929.
“By the year 2000 it should be clear retrospectively that the dominant feature of international politics during the thirty years after WWII was neither the East-West confrontation… More

Foreign Aid for What and for Whom

– Huntington, Samuel P. "Foreign Aid for What and for Whom." Foreign Policy v. 1 (1970): 161-189.
“Foreign Aid: Billions in Search of a Good Reason” was the title of a 1963 Fortune article by Charles J. V. Murphy. Seven years later, the billions may be fewer in number, but… More

Why “Foreign Policy”?

– Huntington, Samuel P. and Warren Demian Manshel. "Why "Foreign Policy"?" Foreign Policy v. 1 (1970): 3-5.

Foreign Aid for What and for Whom (II)

– Huntington, Samuel P. "Foreign Aid for What and for Whom (II)." Foreign Policy v. 2 (1971): 114-134.
“The year 1971 could be an historic one for US foreign aid. Congress and the President have the opportunity this year to make fundamental innovations. The effort is timely, for many… More

After Containment: The Functions of the Military Establishment

– Huntington, Samuel P. "After Containment: The Functions of the Military Establishment." Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science v. 406 (1973): 1-16.
After World War II, the United States reconstituted its military policy for the third time in its history. A strategy of deterrence was adopted as the military counterpart to a foreign… More

Paradigms of American Politics: Beyond the One, the Two, and the Many

– Huntington, Samuel P. "Paradigms of American Politics: Beyond the One, the Two, and the Many." Political Science Quarterly v. 89, n. 1 (1974): 1-26.
“In American social studies,” Louis Hartz observed eighteen years ago, “we still live in the shadow of the Progressive era.” The book in which he wrote these words… More

Postindustrial Politics: How Benign Will It Be?

– Huntington, Samuel P. "Postindustrial Politics: How Benign Will It Be?" Comparative Politics v. 6 n. 2 (1974): 163-191.
The concept of postindustrial society was advanced in the early 1960s by Daniel Bell as a model of society comparable to, but significantly different from, models of industrial and agrarian… More

Trade, Technology, and Leverage: Economic Diplomacy

– Huntington, Samuel P, Franklyn Holzman, Richard Portes, John Kiser, Maurice J. Mountain, and Robert Klitgaard. "Trade, Technology, and Leverage: Economic Diplomacy." Foreign Policy v. 32 (1978): 63-106.
An effective and realistic approach to US-Soviet economic relations today must reflect the key characteristics of the current phase of the superpower relationship. This phase differs… More

American Politics: The Promise of Disharmony

– Huntington, Samuel. American Politics: The Promise of Disharmony. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1981.
“This stunningly persuasive book examines the persistent, radical gap between the promise of American ideals and the performance of American politics. Samuel P. Huntington shows how… More

The Democratic Temper

– Beer, Samuel. "The Democratic Temper." The New Republic 185 (Nov. 11, 1981): 30-33.
“This brilliant book should have been published a year ago. In the last days of the Carter Administration it did seem as if our political institutions suffered from a deepening… More

The Strategic Imperative: New Policies for American Security

– Ed. Huntington, Samuel P. The Strategic Imperative: New Policies for American Security. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1982.
This product of Harvard’s new Program in National Security Studies is an interesting collection of essays which, in contrast to the Blechman volume (above), places comparatively… More

The ‘American Creed’ and Constitutional Theory

– Smith, Rogers M. "The 'American Creed' and Constitutional Theory." Harvard Law Review 95 (May 1982): 1691-1702.
“Political scientist Samuel P. Huntington’s scholarship has been unified by an ongoing concern for the basis of political authority in various political arenas. This concern… More

American Ideals versus American Institutions

– Huntington, Samuel P. "American Ideals versus American Institutions." Political Science Quarterly v. 97, n. 1 (1982): 1-37.
Throughout the history of the United States a broad consensus has existed among the American people in support of liberal, democratic, individualistic, and egalitarian values. These… More

Living with Nuclear Weapons

– Carnesale, Albert, Paul Doty, Stanley Hoffman, Samuel P. Huntington, Joseph D. Nye Jr., Scott Sagan, Derek Bok. Living with Nuclear Weapons. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1983.
At the request of the President of Harvard University, six Harvard scholars have joined forces to write a book that lays out the facts about nuclear weapons for all concerned citizens who… More

Samuel P. Huntington: An Appreciation

– Putnam, Robert. "Samuel P. Huntington: An Appreciation." Political Science and Politics 19:4 (Autumn, 1986): 837-845.
“To survey the life and work of Samuel P. Huntington, the new President of the American Political Science Association, is a challenging task. First, even more than most other leaders… More

Coping with the Lippmann Gap

– Huntington, Samuel P. "Coping with the Lippmann Gap." Foreign Affairs v. 66, n. 3 (1987): 453-477.
Foreign policy,” wrote Walter Lippmann in 1943 in an oft-quoted phrase, “consists in bringing into balance, with a comfortable surplus of power in reserve, the nation’s… More

The U.S.: Decline or Renewal?

– Huntington, Samuel P. "The U.S.: Decline or Renewal?" Foreign Affairs v. 67, n. 2 (1988): 76-96.
In 1988 the United States reached the zenith of its fifth wave of declinism since the 1950s. The roots of this phenomenon lie in the political economy literature of the early 1980s that… More

The Concept of Military Professionalism

– Harries-Jenkins, Gwyn. "The Concept of Military Professionalism." Defense Analysis 6:2 (Jun. 1990): 117-130.
“The publication in 1957 of Huntington’s The Soldier and the State and of Janowitz’s The Professional Soldier 3 years later stimulated considerable interest in the study… More

Why International Primacy Matters

– Huntington, Samuel P. "Why International Primacy Matters." International Security v. 17, n. 4 (1993): 68-83.
Does international primacy matter? The answer seems so obvious that one first wonders why someone as intelligent, perceptive, and knowledgeable as Robert Jervis raises the question. On… More

An Exchange on Civil-Military Relations

– Kohn, Richard, Colin Powell, John Lehman, William Odom, Samuel Huntington, "An Exchange on Civil-Military Relations," The National Interest 36 (Summer 1994): 23-31
“Of all the problems facing the nation, a crisis in civil-military relations is not one of them and things are not out of control. Mr. Kohn lays major responsibility for this… More

The Civil-military Problematique: Huntington, Janowitz and the Question of Civilian Control

– Feaver, Peter. "The Civil-military Problematique: Huntington, Janowitz and the Question of Civilian Control." Armed Forces and Society: An Interdisciplinary Journal 23:2 (Winter 1996): 149-178.
“The alleged crisis in American civil-military relations has revived a long-standing theoretical debate about the determinants of civilian control. So far, the debate has followed… More

The Erosion of American National Interests

– Huntington, Samuel P. "The Erosion of American National Interests." Foreign Affairs v. 76, n. 5 (1997): 28.
The years since the end of the Cold War have seen intense, wide-ranging, and confused debates about American national interests. Much of this confusion stems from the complexity of the… More

The Lonely Superpower

– Huntington, Samuel P. "The Lonely Superpower." Foreign Affairs v. 78, n. 2 (1999): 35.
During the past decade global politics has changed fundamentally in two ways. First, it has been substantially reconfigured along cultural and civilizational lines, as I have highlighted in… More

Culture Matters: How Values Shape Human Progress

– Ed. Harrison, Lawrence and Samuel P. Huntington. Culture Matters: How Values Shape Human Progress. New York: Basic Books, 2000.
“The Asian and Russian financial crises have helped fuel a growing debate over the impact of culture on economic performance. In this useful guide to the controversy, many authors… More

Robust Nationalism

– Huntington, Samuel P. "Robust Nationalism." The National Interest v. 58 (2000): 31.
Is there such a thing as a conservative foreign policy? There was during the Cold War, but now the answer appears to be “no.” People who consider themselves conservative and are… More

Try Again: A Reply to Russett, Oneal & Cox

– Huntington, Samuel P. "Try Again: A Reply to Russett, Oneal & Cox." Journal of Peace Research v. 37, n. 5 (2000): 609-610.
Russett, Oneal & Cox (2000) (henceforth RO&C) claim that their analysis of militarized interstate disputes between 1950 and 1992 provides a test of my hypotheses concerning clashes… More

The Special Case of Mexican Immigration

– Huntington, Samuel P, Georgie Anne Geyer, Peter Skerry, Linda Chavez, and Barbara Curtis. "The Special Case of Mexican Immigration." The American Enterprise v. 11, n. 8 (2000): 20.
America is often described as a country defined by a commitment to a creed formulated in the writings of our Founders. But American identity is only partly a matter of creed. For much of… More

Looking the World in the Eye by Robert D. Kaplan

– Kaplan, Robert. "Looking the World in the Eye." The Atlantic 288:5 (Dec. 2001): 68-82.
Excerpt: The most memorable review that Samuel Phillips Huntington, the Albert J. Weatherhead III University Professor at Harvard, ever got was a bad one. “Imagine,” Huntington… More

Samuel Huntington and the Geopolitics of American Identity: The Function of Foreign Policy in America’s Domestic Clash of Civilizations

– El-Din, Aysha. "Samuel Huntington and the Geopolitics of American Identity: The Function of Foreign Policy in America's Domestic Clash of Civilizations." International Studies Review, 5:1 (2003): 53-76.
The clash of civilizations thesis’s true origins lie partly in problems Samuel Huntington sees brewing in his own country. His thesis is to a considerable extent an externalization of… More

Huntington’s Shift to the Declinist Camp: Conservative Declinism and the ‘Historical Function’ of the Clash of Civilizations

– El-Din, Aysha. "Huntington’s Shift to the Declinist Camp: Conservative Declinism and the ‘Historical Function’ of the Clash of Civilizations." International Relations 17:4 (2003): 429-452.
Samuel Huntington, a severe critic of decline theory and an adamant revivalist, shifted radically to the declinist camp with the end of the Cold War, his penultimate declinist vision being… More

The US Media, Huntington and September 11

– Abrahamian, Ervand. "The US Media, Huntington and September 11." Third World Quarterly, 24:3 (Jun. 2003): 529-544.
The mainstream quality media in the USA—unlike that of Europe— framed September 11 within the context of Islam, culture and civilisations. In other words, it explained the crisis by… More

Armed Servants: Agency, Oversight, and Civil-Military Relations

– Feaver, Peter. Armed Servants: Agency, Oversight, and Civil-Military Relations. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2003.
How do civilians control the military? In the wake of September 11, the renewed presence of national security in everyday life has made this question all the more pressing. In this book,… More

Osama bin Laden Has Given Common Identity Back to the West

– Huntington, Samuel P. "Osama bin Laden Has Given Common Identity Back to the West." New Perspectives Quarterly v. 19, n. 1 (2003): 5-8.
Osama bin Laden has declared war on Western civilization, and in particular the United States. If the Muslim community to which Bin Laden is appealing rallies to him, then it will become a… More

Two Wests

– Huntington, Samuel P and Anthony Giddens.  "Two Wests." New Perspectives Quarterly v. 20, n. 4 (2003): 37-43.
The central division in the West is one which so many people have focused on: the difference in power between the United States and Europe. This division naturally gives rise to… More

Huntington or Halliburton? The Real Clash of Civilizations in American Life

– James, Christine. "Huntington or Halliburton? The Real Clash of Civilizations in American Life." Journal for the Study of Religion and Ideologies 3:8 (2004): 43-54.
A wide variety of sources, including the Huntington literature and popular mass media, show that Huntington’s “clash of civilizations” idea actually has very little value in… More

Native Son: Samuel Huntington Defends the Homeland

– Wolfe, Alan. "Native Son: Samuel Huntington Defends the Homeland." Foreign Affairs 83:3 (May-June 2004): 120.
In the course of a remarkably distinguished academic career, Samuel Huntington has demonstrated a steadfast commitment to realism. Distaste for sentimentality is certainly on display in his… More

Getting Me Wrong [with Reply]

– Huntington, Samuel P and Alan Wolfe. "Getting Me Wrong [with Reply]." Foreign Affairs v. 83, n. 5 (2004): 155-159.
In evaluating a novel, a poem, or a scholarly study, it can be useful and insightful to consider that work in the context of the author’s other writings, if those exist. For social… More

Dead Souls

– Huntington, Samuel P. "Dead Souls." The National Interest v. 75, n. 5 (2004): 5.
Debates over national identity are a pervasive characteristic of our time. In part, they raise rhetorical questions, but they also have profound implications for American society and… More

Are We A Nation “Under God”?

– Huntington, Samuel P. "Are We A Nation "Under God”?" The American Enterprise v. 15, n. 5, (2004): 18.
As this issue of The American Enterprise goes to press this June, the U.S. Supreme Court is considering whether the words “under G-d” in the Pledge of Allegiance are a… More

One Nation, Out of Many

– Huntington, Samuel P. "One Nation, Out of Many." The American Enterprise v. 15, n. 6, (2004): 20.
America’s core culture has primarily been the culture of the seventeenth- and eighteenth-century settlers who founded our nation. The central elements of that culture are the Christian… More

The Hispanic Challenge

– Huntington, Samuel P. "The Hispanic Challenge." Foreign Policy v. 141 (2004): 30-45.
The persistent inflow of Hispanic immigrants threatens to divide the United States into two peoples, two cultures, and two languages. Unlike past immigrant groups, Mexicans and other… More

Who Are We?: The Challenges to America’s National Identity

– Huntington, Samuel P. Who Are We?: The Challenges to America’s National Identity. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2005.
In his seminal work The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order, Samuel Huntington argued provocatively and presciently that with the end of the cold war,… More

Problems of Identity in America: Two Views

– Black, Jeremy and John Zmirak. "Problems of Identity in America: Two Views." Modern Age 47:3 (Summer 2005): 278-285.
This is a rare book – erudite and readable, analytical but urgent, a work of political science which the author admits he wrote as “a patriot.” While few political theorists… More

What are we to make of Samuel Huntington?

– Skerry, Peter. "What are we to make of Samuel Huntington?" Society 43:1 (Nov-Dec 2005): 82-92.
“At one point in Who Are We? Samuel Huntington related a little-known episode of the Mexican War, in which Irish immigrant soldier deserted the American army to serve with their… More

The Crisis of American National Identity by Charles Kesler

– Kesler, Charles. "The Crisis of American National Identity." Claremont Review of Books 5:4 (Fall 2005): 24-30.
About a decade ago, when he was vice president, Al Gore explained that our national motto, e pluribus unum, means “from one, many.” This was a sad day for knowledge of Latin… More

Political Islam, Clash of Civilizations, U.S. Dominance and Arab Support of Attacks on America: A Test of a Hierarchical Model

– Mostafa Mohammed and Mohanedt Al-Hamdi, "Political Islam, Clash of Civilizations, U.S. Dominance and Arab Support of Attacks on America: A Test of a Hierarchical Model." Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, 30:8 (2007): 723-736.
This study examines two theses used to explain Arab support of the 11 September attacks on the United States: clash of civilizations and anti-dominance reaction to perceived American… More

The Future of Freedom: Illiberal democracy at home and abroad

– Zakaria, Fareed. The Future of Freedom: Illiberal Democracy at Home and Abroad. New York: Norton & Co, 2007.
Translated into twenty languages The Future of Freedom is a modern classic that uses historical analysis to shed light on the present, examining how democracy has changed our politics,… More

Testing Huntington: Is Hispanic Immigration a Threat to American Identity?

– Citrin, Jack and Amy Lerman, Michael Murakami, and Kathryn Pearson. "Testing Huntington: Is Hispanic Immigration a Threat to American Identity?" Perspectives on Politics 5:1 (March 2007): 31-48.
Samuel Huntington argues that the sheer number, concentration, linguistic homogeneity, and other characteristic of Hispanic immigrants will erode the dominance of English as a nationally… More

American Immigration through Comparativists’ Eyes

– Laitin, David. "American Immigration through Comparativists' Eyes." Comparative Politics 41:1 (Oct. 2008) 103-120.
Immigration and its challenge to national identities are unleashing political conflict throughout the world. Three of the founders of modern comparative politics—Samuel Huntington,… More

A Scholar and a Gentleman

– Desch, Michael. "A Scholar and a Gentleman," American Conservative 8:2 (Jan. 26, 2009): 25-26.
Samuel Huntington died on Christmas Eve at age 81 after a long and slow decline. We have lost not only an astute public intellectual but a fine man. Fortunately, he left a rich legacy:… More

American Civil-Military Relations: The Soldier and the State in a New Era

– Eds. Nielson, Suzanne and Don Snider. American Civil-Military Relations: The Soldier and the State in a New Era. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2009.
American Civil-Military Relations offers the first comprehensive assessment of the subject since the publication of Samuel P. Huntington’s field-defining book, The Soldier and the State.… More

Samuel P. Huntington and the Ambiguities of American Power

– Zanin, Toby. "Samuel P. Huntington and the Ambiguities of American Power" International Journal 64:4 (Oct. 2009): 1109-1116
“He may not have ultimately enjoyed the last word on anything, but during a long and controversial career, Samuel Huntington (1927-2008) certainly did enjoy the exercise of initiating… More

A Scholar and a Gentleman by Eliot Cohen

– Eliot Cohen, "A Scholar and a Gentleman," Weekly Standard, January 19, 2009.
Excerpt: As the obituary notices will tell you, Samuel Huntington was a controversial figure. They lead, normally, with a reference to “Clash of Civilizations?” his 1993 Foreign… More

Who Are We? : Samuel Huntington and the Problem of American Identity

– Holloway, Carson. "Who Are We? : Samuel Huntington and the Problem of American Identity.' Perspectives on Political Science, 40:2 (2011): 106-114.
Responding to Samuel Huntington’s argument in Who Are We? The Challenges to America’s National Identity, this article explores the problematic character of American national… More

Samuel Huntington’s Legacy

– Fukuyama, Francis. "Samuel Huntington’s Legacy." Foreign Policy, Jan 5, 2011.
Of all of Samuel Huntington’s contributions to the study of politics, the most important was his 1968 work Political Order in Changing Societies. This book was probably the last major… More

American Civil-military Relations Today: The Continuing Relevance of Samuel P. Huntington’s The Soldier and the State

– Nielson, Suzanne. "American Civil-military Relations Today: the Continuing Relevance of Samuel P. Huntington’s The Soldier and the State." International Affairs, 88:2 (Mar. 2012): 369-376.
Fifty-five years after it was first published, Samuel Huntington’s The soldier and the state remains an essential starting point for serious discussions of American civil–military… More

Anglosphere Exceptionalism

– Windschuttle, Keith. "Anglosphere Exceptionalism" New Criterion, 32:5 (Jan 2014): 23-29.
In 1996, when I visited New York to speak at some local universities, I was surprised to read a story on the front page of The New York Times. The Republican Governor of the state, George… More

Commentary

The Election Tactics of the Nonpartisan League

– Huntington, Samuel P. "The Election Tactics of the Nonpartisan League." The Mississippi Valley Historical Review. v.36, n. 4: 613-632.
“For many years a problem relating to the nature of the American party system has confronted politicians and reformers on one hand and historians and political scientists on the… More

The Marasmus of the ICC: The Commission, the Railroads, and the Public Interest

– Huntington, Samuel P. "The Marasmus of the ICC: The Commission, the Railroads, and the Public Interest." The Yale Law Journal v. 61, n. 4 (Apr 1952): 467-509
“Among the myriad federal agencies concerned with transportation, the Interstate Commerce Commission has long been preeminent. It is the oldest transportation regulatory commission,… More

The ICC Re-Examined: A Colloquy

– Huntington, Samuel P, CP Dickerman and Charles S. Morgan. The Yale Law Journal (1952): 44-63.
“Mr. Williams criticisms in Transportation Regulation are inefect limited to my recommendation in the Marasmus that the regulatory functions of the ICC should be placed within the… More

Civilian Control and the Constitution

– Huntington, Samuel P. "Civilian Control and the Constitution." American Political Science Review v. 50, n. 3 (1956): 676-699.
“Civilian control of the military is a basic principle of the American Constitution”; so runs the commonplace. It is the thesis of this article that the eliche could hardly be… More

The Soldier and the State: The Theory and Politics of Civil-Military Relations

– Huntington, Samuel P. The Soldier and the State: The Theory and Politics of Civil-Military Relations. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1957.
“In a classic work, Samuel P. Huntington challenges most of the old assumptions and ideas on the role of the military in society. Stressing the value of the military outlook for… More

Conservatism as an Ideology

– Huntington, Samuel P. "Conservatism as an Ideology." The American Political Science Review v. 51, n. 2 (1957): 454-473.
“Does conservative political thought have a place in America today? The answer to this question depends on the general nature of conservatism as in ideology: its distinguishing… More

Communications

– Hacker, Louise M. and Samuel P. Huntington. "Communications." American Political Science Review v. 51, n. 4 (1957): 1062-1064.

The Common Defense: Strategic Programs in National Politics

– Huntington, Samuel P. The Common Defense: Strategic Programs in National Politics. New York, Columbia University Press, 1961.
“Professor Robert Bowie of Harvard, who formerly headed the State Department’s policy planning staff, remarked a year ago that “we just don’t know much about …… More

The New Civil-Military Relations

– Lyons, Gene. "The New Civil-Military Relations." American Political Science Review 55 (March 1961): 53-60.
“Historically the character of civil-military relations in the United States has been dominated by the concept of civilian control of the military. This has largely been a response to… More

Equilibrium and Disequilibrium in American Military Policy

– Huntington, Samuel P. "Equilibrium and Disequilibrium in American Military Policy." Political Science Quarterly v. 76, n. 4 (1961): 481-502.
“For fifteen years American military policy has been in a state of turmoil and change. As a result, perhaps, stability has ranked high as a goal of military policy. In some respects… More

Interservice Competition and the Political Roles of the Armed Services

– Huntington, Samuel P. "Interservice Competition and the Political Roles of the Armed Services." The American Political Science Review v. 55, n. 1 (1961): 40-52.
“Conventional wisdom” (to purloin a phrase from Galbraith) holds that interservice competition necessarily undermines economy, efficiency, and effective central control in the military… More

Political Power: USA/USSR

– Brzezinsky, Zbigniew and Samuel P. Huntington. Political Power: USA/USSR. New York: Viking Press, 1964.
“This is a stimulating study by two creative and productive young political scientists. Professor Brzezinski is the author of several important works on Soviet and Eastern European… More

Political Ideals and the Military Ethic

– Guttman, Allen. "Political Ideals and the Military Ethic." American Scholar 34:2 (Spring 1965): 221-237.
“From the 1770s to the 1960s, from the Committee of Correspondence to S.N.C.C., American political rhetoric has remained remarkably constant. Liberty and equality. Although each… More

Political Development and the Decline of the American System of World Order

– Huntington, Samuel P. "Political Development and the Decline of the American System of World Order." Daedalus  v. 96, n. 3 (1967): 927-929.
“By the year 2000 it should be clear retrospectively that the dominant feature of international politics during the thirty years after WWII was neither the East-West confrontation… More

Foreign Aid for What and for Whom

– Huntington, Samuel P. "Foreign Aid for What and for Whom." Foreign Policy v. 1 (1970): 161-189.
“Foreign Aid: Billions in Search of a Good Reason” was the title of a 1963 Fortune article by Charles J. V. Murphy. Seven years later, the billions may be fewer in number, but… More

Why “Foreign Policy”?

– Huntington, Samuel P. and Warren Demian Manshel. "Why "Foreign Policy"?" Foreign Policy v. 1 (1970): 3-5.

Foreign Aid for What and for Whom (II)

– Huntington, Samuel P. "Foreign Aid for What and for Whom (II)." Foreign Policy v. 2 (1971): 114-134.
“The year 1971 could be an historic one for US foreign aid. Congress and the President have the opportunity this year to make fundamental innovations. The effort is timely, for many… More

After Containment: The Functions of the Military Establishment

– Huntington, Samuel P. "After Containment: The Functions of the Military Establishment." Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science v. 406 (1973): 1-16.
After World War II, the United States reconstituted its military policy for the third time in its history. A strategy of deterrence was adopted as the military counterpart to a foreign… More

Paradigms of American Politics: Beyond the One, the Two, and the Many

– Huntington, Samuel P. "Paradigms of American Politics: Beyond the One, the Two, and the Many." Political Science Quarterly v. 89, n. 1 (1974): 1-26.
“In American social studies,” Louis Hartz observed eighteen years ago, “we still live in the shadow of the Progressive era.” The book in which he wrote these words… More

Postindustrial Politics: How Benign Will It Be?

– Huntington, Samuel P. "Postindustrial Politics: How Benign Will It Be?" Comparative Politics v. 6 n. 2 (1974): 163-191.
The concept of postindustrial society was advanced in the early 1960s by Daniel Bell as a model of society comparable to, but significantly different from, models of industrial and agrarian… More

Trade, Technology, and Leverage: Economic Diplomacy

– Huntington, Samuel P, Franklyn Holzman, Richard Portes, John Kiser, Maurice J. Mountain, and Robert Klitgaard. "Trade, Technology, and Leverage: Economic Diplomacy." Foreign Policy v. 32 (1978): 63-106.
An effective and realistic approach to US-Soviet economic relations today must reflect the key characteristics of the current phase of the superpower relationship. This phase differs… More

American Politics: The Promise of Disharmony

– Huntington, Samuel. American Politics: The Promise of Disharmony. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1981.
“This stunningly persuasive book examines the persistent, radical gap between the promise of American ideals and the performance of American politics. Samuel P. Huntington shows how… More

The Democratic Temper

– Beer, Samuel. "The Democratic Temper." The New Republic 185 (Nov. 11, 1981): 30-33.
“This brilliant book should have been published a year ago. In the last days of the Carter Administration it did seem as if our political institutions suffered from a deepening… More

The Strategic Imperative: New Policies for American Security

– Ed. Huntington, Samuel P. The Strategic Imperative: New Policies for American Security. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1982.
This product of Harvard’s new Program in National Security Studies is an interesting collection of essays which, in contrast to the Blechman volume (above), places comparatively… More

The ‘American Creed’ and Constitutional Theory

– Smith, Rogers M. "The 'American Creed' and Constitutional Theory." Harvard Law Review 95 (May 1982): 1691-1702.
“Political scientist Samuel P. Huntington’s scholarship has been unified by an ongoing concern for the basis of political authority in various political arenas. This concern… More

American Ideals versus American Institutions

– Huntington, Samuel P. "American Ideals versus American Institutions." Political Science Quarterly v. 97, n. 1 (1982): 1-37.
Throughout the history of the United States a broad consensus has existed among the American people in support of liberal, democratic, individualistic, and egalitarian values. These… More

Living with Nuclear Weapons

– Carnesale, Albert, Paul Doty, Stanley Hoffman, Samuel P. Huntington, Joseph D. Nye Jr., Scott Sagan, Derek Bok. Living with Nuclear Weapons. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1983.
At the request of the President of Harvard University, six Harvard scholars have joined forces to write a book that lays out the facts about nuclear weapons for all concerned citizens who… More

Samuel P. Huntington: An Appreciation

– Putnam, Robert. "Samuel P. Huntington: An Appreciation." Political Science and Politics 19:4 (Autumn, 1986): 837-845.
“To survey the life and work of Samuel P. Huntington, the new President of the American Political Science Association, is a challenging task. First, even more than most other leaders… More

Coping with the Lippmann Gap

– Huntington, Samuel P. "Coping with the Lippmann Gap." Foreign Affairs v. 66, n. 3 (1987): 453-477.
Foreign policy,” wrote Walter Lippmann in 1943 in an oft-quoted phrase, “consists in bringing into balance, with a comfortable surplus of power in reserve, the nation’s… More

The U.S.: Decline or Renewal?

– Huntington, Samuel P. "The U.S.: Decline or Renewal?" Foreign Affairs v. 67, n. 2 (1988): 76-96.
In 1988 the United States reached the zenith of its fifth wave of declinism since the 1950s. The roots of this phenomenon lie in the political economy literature of the early 1980s that… More

The Concept of Military Professionalism

– Harries-Jenkins, Gwyn. "The Concept of Military Professionalism." Defense Analysis 6:2 (Jun. 1990): 117-130.
“The publication in 1957 of Huntington’s The Soldier and the State and of Janowitz’s The Professional Soldier 3 years later stimulated considerable interest in the study… More

Why International Primacy Matters

– Huntington, Samuel P. "Why International Primacy Matters." International Security v. 17, n. 4 (1993): 68-83.
Does international primacy matter? The answer seems so obvious that one first wonders why someone as intelligent, perceptive, and knowledgeable as Robert Jervis raises the question. On… More

An Exchange on Civil-Military Relations

– Kohn, Richard, Colin Powell, John Lehman, William Odom, Samuel Huntington, "An Exchange on Civil-Military Relations," The National Interest 36 (Summer 1994): 23-31
“Of all the problems facing the nation, a crisis in civil-military relations is not one of them and things are not out of control. Mr. Kohn lays major responsibility for this… More

The Civil-military Problematique: Huntington, Janowitz and the Question of Civilian Control

– Feaver, Peter. "The Civil-military Problematique: Huntington, Janowitz and the Question of Civilian Control." Armed Forces and Society: An Interdisciplinary Journal 23:2 (Winter 1996): 149-178.
“The alleged crisis in American civil-military relations has revived a long-standing theoretical debate about the determinants of civilian control. So far, the debate has followed… More

The Erosion of American National Interests

– Huntington, Samuel P. "The Erosion of American National Interests." Foreign Affairs v. 76, n. 5 (1997): 28.
The years since the end of the Cold War have seen intense, wide-ranging, and confused debates about American national interests. Much of this confusion stems from the complexity of the… More

The Lonely Superpower

– Huntington, Samuel P. "The Lonely Superpower." Foreign Affairs v. 78, n. 2 (1999): 35.
During the past decade global politics has changed fundamentally in two ways. First, it has been substantially reconfigured along cultural and civilizational lines, as I have highlighted in… More

Culture Matters: How Values Shape Human Progress

– Ed. Harrison, Lawrence and Samuel P. Huntington. Culture Matters: How Values Shape Human Progress. New York: Basic Books, 2000.
“The Asian and Russian financial crises have helped fuel a growing debate over the impact of culture on economic performance. In this useful guide to the controversy, many authors… More

Robust Nationalism

– Huntington, Samuel P. "Robust Nationalism." The National Interest v. 58 (2000): 31.
Is there such a thing as a conservative foreign policy? There was during the Cold War, but now the answer appears to be “no.” People who consider themselves conservative and are… More

Try Again: A Reply to Russett, Oneal & Cox

– Huntington, Samuel P. "Try Again: A Reply to Russett, Oneal & Cox." Journal of Peace Research v. 37, n. 5 (2000): 609-610.
Russett, Oneal & Cox (2000) (henceforth RO&C) claim that their analysis of militarized interstate disputes between 1950 and 1992 provides a test of my hypotheses concerning clashes… More

The Special Case of Mexican Immigration

– Huntington, Samuel P, Georgie Anne Geyer, Peter Skerry, Linda Chavez, and Barbara Curtis. "The Special Case of Mexican Immigration." The American Enterprise v. 11, n. 8 (2000): 20.
America is often described as a country defined by a commitment to a creed formulated in the writings of our Founders. But American identity is only partly a matter of creed. For much of… More

Looking the World in the Eye by Robert D. Kaplan

– Kaplan, Robert. "Looking the World in the Eye." The Atlantic 288:5 (Dec. 2001): 68-82.
Excerpt: The most memorable review that Samuel Phillips Huntington, the Albert J. Weatherhead III University Professor at Harvard, ever got was a bad one. “Imagine,” Huntington… More

Samuel Huntington and the Geopolitics of American Identity: The Function of Foreign Policy in America’s Domestic Clash of Civilizations

– El-Din, Aysha. "Samuel Huntington and the Geopolitics of American Identity: The Function of Foreign Policy in America's Domestic Clash of Civilizations." International Studies Review, 5:1 (2003): 53-76.
The clash of civilizations thesis’s true origins lie partly in problems Samuel Huntington sees brewing in his own country. His thesis is to a considerable extent an externalization of… More

Huntington’s Shift to the Declinist Camp: Conservative Declinism and the ‘Historical Function’ of the Clash of Civilizations

– El-Din, Aysha. "Huntington’s Shift to the Declinist Camp: Conservative Declinism and the ‘Historical Function’ of the Clash of Civilizations." International Relations 17:4 (2003): 429-452.
Samuel Huntington, a severe critic of decline theory and an adamant revivalist, shifted radically to the declinist camp with the end of the Cold War, his penultimate declinist vision being… More

The US Media, Huntington and September 11

– Abrahamian, Ervand. "The US Media, Huntington and September 11." Third World Quarterly, 24:3 (Jun. 2003): 529-544.
The mainstream quality media in the USA—unlike that of Europe— framed September 11 within the context of Islam, culture and civilisations. In other words, it explained the crisis by… More

Armed Servants: Agency, Oversight, and Civil-Military Relations

– Feaver, Peter. Armed Servants: Agency, Oversight, and Civil-Military Relations. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2003.
How do civilians control the military? In the wake of September 11, the renewed presence of national security in everyday life has made this question all the more pressing. In this book,… More

Osama bin Laden Has Given Common Identity Back to the West

– Huntington, Samuel P. "Osama bin Laden Has Given Common Identity Back to the West." New Perspectives Quarterly v. 19, n. 1 (2003): 5-8.
Osama bin Laden has declared war on Western civilization, and in particular the United States. If the Muslim community to which Bin Laden is appealing rallies to him, then it will become a… More

Two Wests

– Huntington, Samuel P and Anthony Giddens.  "Two Wests." New Perspectives Quarterly v. 20, n. 4 (2003): 37-43.
The central division in the West is one which so many people have focused on: the difference in power between the United States and Europe. This division naturally gives rise to… More

Huntington or Halliburton? The Real Clash of Civilizations in American Life

– James, Christine. "Huntington or Halliburton? The Real Clash of Civilizations in American Life." Journal for the Study of Religion and Ideologies 3:8 (2004): 43-54.
A wide variety of sources, including the Huntington literature and popular mass media, show that Huntington’s “clash of civilizations” idea actually has very little value in… More

Native Son: Samuel Huntington Defends the Homeland

– Wolfe, Alan. "Native Son: Samuel Huntington Defends the Homeland." Foreign Affairs 83:3 (May-June 2004): 120.
In the course of a remarkably distinguished academic career, Samuel Huntington has demonstrated a steadfast commitment to realism. Distaste for sentimentality is certainly on display in his… More

Getting Me Wrong [with Reply]

– Huntington, Samuel P and Alan Wolfe. "Getting Me Wrong [with Reply]." Foreign Affairs v. 83, n. 5 (2004): 155-159.
In evaluating a novel, a poem, or a scholarly study, it can be useful and insightful to consider that work in the context of the author’s other writings, if those exist. For social… More

Dead Souls

– Huntington, Samuel P. "Dead Souls." The National Interest v. 75, n. 5 (2004): 5.
Debates over national identity are a pervasive characteristic of our time. In part, they raise rhetorical questions, but they also have profound implications for American society and… More

Are We A Nation “Under God”?

– Huntington, Samuel P. "Are We A Nation "Under God”?" The American Enterprise v. 15, n. 5, (2004): 18.
As this issue of The American Enterprise goes to press this June, the U.S. Supreme Court is considering whether the words “under G-d” in the Pledge of Allegiance are a… More

One Nation, Out of Many

– Huntington, Samuel P. "One Nation, Out of Many." The American Enterprise v. 15, n. 6, (2004): 20.
America’s core culture has primarily been the culture of the seventeenth- and eighteenth-century settlers who founded our nation. The central elements of that culture are the Christian… More

The Hispanic Challenge

– Huntington, Samuel P. "The Hispanic Challenge." Foreign Policy v. 141 (2004): 30-45.
The persistent inflow of Hispanic immigrants threatens to divide the United States into two peoples, two cultures, and two languages. Unlike past immigrant groups, Mexicans and other… More

Who Are We?: The Challenges to America’s National Identity

– Huntington, Samuel P. Who Are We?: The Challenges to America’s National Identity. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2005.
In his seminal work The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order, Samuel Huntington argued provocatively and presciently that with the end of the cold war,… More

Problems of Identity in America: Two Views

– Black, Jeremy and John Zmirak. "Problems of Identity in America: Two Views." Modern Age 47:3 (Summer 2005): 278-285.
This is a rare book – erudite and readable, analytical but urgent, a work of political science which the author admits he wrote as “a patriot.” While few political theorists… More

What are we to make of Samuel Huntington?

– Skerry, Peter. "What are we to make of Samuel Huntington?" Society 43:1 (Nov-Dec 2005): 82-92.
“At one point in Who Are We? Samuel Huntington related a little-known episode of the Mexican War, in which Irish immigrant soldier deserted the American army to serve with their… More

The Crisis of American National Identity by Charles Kesler

– Kesler, Charles. "The Crisis of American National Identity." Claremont Review of Books 5:4 (Fall 2005): 24-30.
About a decade ago, when he was vice president, Al Gore explained that our national motto, e pluribus unum, means “from one, many.” This was a sad day for knowledge of Latin… More

Political Islam, Clash of Civilizations, U.S. Dominance and Arab Support of Attacks on America: A Test of a Hierarchical Model

– Mostafa Mohammed and Mohanedt Al-Hamdi, "Political Islam, Clash of Civilizations, U.S. Dominance and Arab Support of Attacks on America: A Test of a Hierarchical Model." Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, 30:8 (2007): 723-736.
This study examines two theses used to explain Arab support of the 11 September attacks on the United States: clash of civilizations and anti-dominance reaction to perceived American… More

The Future of Freedom: Illiberal democracy at home and abroad

– Zakaria, Fareed. The Future of Freedom: Illiberal Democracy at Home and Abroad. New York: Norton & Co, 2007.
Translated into twenty languages The Future of Freedom is a modern classic that uses historical analysis to shed light on the present, examining how democracy has changed our politics,… More

Testing Huntington: Is Hispanic Immigration a Threat to American Identity?

– Citrin, Jack and Amy Lerman, Michael Murakami, and Kathryn Pearson. "Testing Huntington: Is Hispanic Immigration a Threat to American Identity?" Perspectives on Politics 5:1 (March 2007): 31-48.
Samuel Huntington argues that the sheer number, concentration, linguistic homogeneity, and other characteristic of Hispanic immigrants will erode the dominance of English as a nationally… More

American Immigration through Comparativists’ Eyes

– Laitin, David. "American Immigration through Comparativists' Eyes." Comparative Politics 41:1 (Oct. 2008) 103-120.
Immigration and its challenge to national identities are unleashing political conflict throughout the world. Three of the founders of modern comparative politics—Samuel Huntington,… More

A Scholar and a Gentleman

– Desch, Michael. "A Scholar and a Gentleman," American Conservative 8:2 (Jan. 26, 2009): 25-26.
Samuel Huntington died on Christmas Eve at age 81 after a long and slow decline. We have lost not only an astute public intellectual but a fine man. Fortunately, he left a rich legacy:… More

American Civil-Military Relations: The Soldier and the State in a New Era

– Eds. Nielson, Suzanne and Don Snider. American Civil-Military Relations: The Soldier and the State in a New Era. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2009.
American Civil-Military Relations offers the first comprehensive assessment of the subject since the publication of Samuel P. Huntington’s field-defining book, The Soldier and the State.… More

Samuel P. Huntington and the Ambiguities of American Power

– Zanin, Toby. "Samuel P. Huntington and the Ambiguities of American Power" International Journal 64:4 (Oct. 2009): 1109-1116
“He may not have ultimately enjoyed the last word on anything, but during a long and controversial career, Samuel Huntington (1927-2008) certainly did enjoy the exercise of initiating… More

A Scholar and a Gentleman by Eliot Cohen

– Eliot Cohen, "A Scholar and a Gentleman," Weekly Standard, January 19, 2009.
Excerpt: As the obituary notices will tell you, Samuel Huntington was a controversial figure. They lead, normally, with a reference to “Clash of Civilizations?” his 1993 Foreign… More

Who Are We? : Samuel Huntington and the Problem of American Identity

– Holloway, Carson. "Who Are We? : Samuel Huntington and the Problem of American Identity.' Perspectives on Political Science, 40:2 (2011): 106-114.
Responding to Samuel Huntington’s argument in Who Are We? The Challenges to America’s National Identity, this article explores the problematic character of American national… More

Samuel Huntington’s Legacy

– Fukuyama, Francis. "Samuel Huntington’s Legacy." Foreign Policy, Jan 5, 2011.
Of all of Samuel Huntington’s contributions to the study of politics, the most important was his 1968 work Political Order in Changing Societies. This book was probably the last major… More

American Civil-military Relations Today: The Continuing Relevance of Samuel P. Huntington’s The Soldier and the State

– Nielson, Suzanne. "American Civil-military Relations Today: the Continuing Relevance of Samuel P. Huntington’s The Soldier and the State." International Affairs, 88:2 (Mar. 2012): 369-376.
Fifty-five years after it was first published, Samuel Huntington’s The soldier and the state remains an essential starting point for serious discussions of American civil–military… More

Anglosphere Exceptionalism

– Windschuttle, Keith. "Anglosphere Exceptionalism" New Criterion, 32:5 (Jan 2014): 23-29.
In 1996, when I visited New York to speak at some local universities, I was surprised to read a story on the front page of The New York Times. The Republican Governor of the state, George… More

Multimedia

The Election Tactics of the Nonpartisan League

– Huntington, Samuel P. "The Election Tactics of the Nonpartisan League." The Mississippi Valley Historical Review. v.36, n. 4: 613-632.
“For many years a problem relating to the nature of the American party system has confronted politicians and reformers on one hand and historians and political scientists on the… More

The Marasmus of the ICC: The Commission, the Railroads, and the Public Interest

– Huntington, Samuel P. "The Marasmus of the ICC: The Commission, the Railroads, and the Public Interest." The Yale Law Journal v. 61, n. 4 (Apr 1952): 467-509
“Among the myriad federal agencies concerned with transportation, the Interstate Commerce Commission has long been preeminent. It is the oldest transportation regulatory commission,… More

The ICC Re-Examined: A Colloquy

– Huntington, Samuel P, CP Dickerman and Charles S. Morgan. The Yale Law Journal (1952): 44-63.
“Mr. Williams criticisms in Transportation Regulation are inefect limited to my recommendation in the Marasmus that the regulatory functions of the ICC should be placed within the… More

Civilian Control and the Constitution

– Huntington, Samuel P. "Civilian Control and the Constitution." American Political Science Review v. 50, n. 3 (1956): 676-699.
“Civilian control of the military is a basic principle of the American Constitution”; so runs the commonplace. It is the thesis of this article that the eliche could hardly be… More

The Soldier and the State: The Theory and Politics of Civil-Military Relations

– Huntington, Samuel P. The Soldier and the State: The Theory and Politics of Civil-Military Relations. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1957.
“In a classic work, Samuel P. Huntington challenges most of the old assumptions and ideas on the role of the military in society. Stressing the value of the military outlook for… More

Conservatism as an Ideology

– Huntington, Samuel P. "Conservatism as an Ideology." The American Political Science Review v. 51, n. 2 (1957): 454-473.
“Does conservative political thought have a place in America today? The answer to this question depends on the general nature of conservatism as in ideology: its distinguishing… More

Communications

– Hacker, Louise M. and Samuel P. Huntington. "Communications." American Political Science Review v. 51, n. 4 (1957): 1062-1064.

The Common Defense: Strategic Programs in National Politics

– Huntington, Samuel P. The Common Defense: Strategic Programs in National Politics. New York, Columbia University Press, 1961.
“Professor Robert Bowie of Harvard, who formerly headed the State Department’s policy planning staff, remarked a year ago that “we just don’t know much about …… More

The New Civil-Military Relations

– Lyons, Gene. "The New Civil-Military Relations." American Political Science Review 55 (March 1961): 53-60.
“Historically the character of civil-military relations in the United States has been dominated by the concept of civilian control of the military. This has largely been a response to… More

Equilibrium and Disequilibrium in American Military Policy

– Huntington, Samuel P. "Equilibrium and Disequilibrium in American Military Policy." Political Science Quarterly v. 76, n. 4 (1961): 481-502.
“For fifteen years American military policy has been in a state of turmoil and change. As a result, perhaps, stability has ranked high as a goal of military policy. In some respects… More

Interservice Competition and the Political Roles of the Armed Services

– Huntington, Samuel P. "Interservice Competition and the Political Roles of the Armed Services." The American Political Science Review v. 55, n. 1 (1961): 40-52.
“Conventional wisdom” (to purloin a phrase from Galbraith) holds that interservice competition necessarily undermines economy, efficiency, and effective central control in the military… More

Political Power: USA/USSR

– Brzezinsky, Zbigniew and Samuel P. Huntington. Political Power: USA/USSR. New York: Viking Press, 1964.
“This is a stimulating study by two creative and productive young political scientists. Professor Brzezinski is the author of several important works on Soviet and Eastern European… More

Political Ideals and the Military Ethic

– Guttman, Allen. "Political Ideals and the Military Ethic." American Scholar 34:2 (Spring 1965): 221-237.
“From the 1770s to the 1960s, from the Committee of Correspondence to S.N.C.C., American political rhetoric has remained remarkably constant. Liberty and equality. Although each… More

Political Development and the Decline of the American System of World Order

– Huntington, Samuel P. "Political Development and the Decline of the American System of World Order." Daedalus  v. 96, n. 3 (1967): 927-929.
“By the year 2000 it should be clear retrospectively that the dominant feature of international politics during the thirty years after WWII was neither the East-West confrontation… More

Foreign Aid for What and for Whom

– Huntington, Samuel P. "Foreign Aid for What and for Whom." Foreign Policy v. 1 (1970): 161-189.
“Foreign Aid: Billions in Search of a Good Reason” was the title of a 1963 Fortune article by Charles J. V. Murphy. Seven years later, the billions may be fewer in number, but… More

Why “Foreign Policy”?

– Huntington, Samuel P. and Warren Demian Manshel. "Why "Foreign Policy"?" Foreign Policy v. 1 (1970): 3-5.

Foreign Aid for What and for Whom (II)

– Huntington, Samuel P. "Foreign Aid for What and for Whom (II)." Foreign Policy v. 2 (1971): 114-134.
“The year 1971 could be an historic one for US foreign aid. Congress and the President have the opportunity this year to make fundamental innovations. The effort is timely, for many… More

After Containment: The Functions of the Military Establishment

– Huntington, Samuel P. "After Containment: The Functions of the Military Establishment." Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science v. 406 (1973): 1-16.
After World War II, the United States reconstituted its military policy for the third time in its history. A strategy of deterrence was adopted as the military counterpart to a foreign… More

Paradigms of American Politics: Beyond the One, the Two, and the Many

– Huntington, Samuel P. "Paradigms of American Politics: Beyond the One, the Two, and the Many." Political Science Quarterly v. 89, n. 1 (1974): 1-26.
“In American social studies,” Louis Hartz observed eighteen years ago, “we still live in the shadow of the Progressive era.” The book in which he wrote these words… More

Postindustrial Politics: How Benign Will It Be?

– Huntington, Samuel P. "Postindustrial Politics: How Benign Will It Be?" Comparative Politics v. 6 n. 2 (1974): 163-191.
The concept of postindustrial society was advanced in the early 1960s by Daniel Bell as a model of society comparable to, but significantly different from, models of industrial and agrarian… More

Trade, Technology, and Leverage: Economic Diplomacy

– Huntington, Samuel P, Franklyn Holzman, Richard Portes, John Kiser, Maurice J. Mountain, and Robert Klitgaard. "Trade, Technology, and Leverage: Economic Diplomacy." Foreign Policy v. 32 (1978): 63-106.
An effective and realistic approach to US-Soviet economic relations today must reflect the key characteristics of the current phase of the superpower relationship. This phase differs… More

American Politics: The Promise of Disharmony

– Huntington, Samuel. American Politics: The Promise of Disharmony. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1981.
“This stunningly persuasive book examines the persistent, radical gap between the promise of American ideals and the performance of American politics. Samuel P. Huntington shows how… More

The Democratic Temper

– Beer, Samuel. "The Democratic Temper." The New Republic 185 (Nov. 11, 1981): 30-33.
“This brilliant book should have been published a year ago. In the last days of the Carter Administration it did seem as if our political institutions suffered from a deepening… More

The Strategic Imperative: New Policies for American Security

– Ed. Huntington, Samuel P. The Strategic Imperative: New Policies for American Security. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1982.
This product of Harvard’s new Program in National Security Studies is an interesting collection of essays which, in contrast to the Blechman volume (above), places comparatively… More

The ‘American Creed’ and Constitutional Theory

– Smith, Rogers M. "The 'American Creed' and Constitutional Theory." Harvard Law Review 95 (May 1982): 1691-1702.
“Political scientist Samuel P. Huntington’s scholarship has been unified by an ongoing concern for the basis of political authority in various political arenas. This concern… More

American Ideals versus American Institutions

– Huntington, Samuel P. "American Ideals versus American Institutions." Political Science Quarterly v. 97, n. 1 (1982): 1-37.
Throughout the history of the United States a broad consensus has existed among the American people in support of liberal, democratic, individualistic, and egalitarian values. These… More

Living with Nuclear Weapons

– Carnesale, Albert, Paul Doty, Stanley Hoffman, Samuel P. Huntington, Joseph D. Nye Jr., Scott Sagan, Derek Bok. Living with Nuclear Weapons. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1983.
At the request of the President of Harvard University, six Harvard scholars have joined forces to write a book that lays out the facts about nuclear weapons for all concerned citizens who… More

Samuel P. Huntington: An Appreciation

– Putnam, Robert. "Samuel P. Huntington: An Appreciation." Political Science and Politics 19:4 (Autumn, 1986): 837-845.
“To survey the life and work of Samuel P. Huntington, the new President of the American Political Science Association, is a challenging task. First, even more than most other leaders… More

Coping with the Lippmann Gap

– Huntington, Samuel P. "Coping with the Lippmann Gap." Foreign Affairs v. 66, n. 3 (1987): 453-477.
Foreign policy,” wrote Walter Lippmann in 1943 in an oft-quoted phrase, “consists in bringing into balance, with a comfortable surplus of power in reserve, the nation’s… More

The U.S.: Decline or Renewal?

– Huntington, Samuel P. "The U.S.: Decline or Renewal?" Foreign Affairs v. 67, n. 2 (1988): 76-96.
In 1988 the United States reached the zenith of its fifth wave of declinism since the 1950s. The roots of this phenomenon lie in the political economy literature of the early 1980s that… More

The Concept of Military Professionalism

– Harries-Jenkins, Gwyn. "The Concept of Military Professionalism." Defense Analysis 6:2 (Jun. 1990): 117-130.
“The publication in 1957 of Huntington’s The Soldier and the State and of Janowitz’s The Professional Soldier 3 years later stimulated considerable interest in the study… More

Why International Primacy Matters

– Huntington, Samuel P. "Why International Primacy Matters." International Security v. 17, n. 4 (1993): 68-83.
Does international primacy matter? The answer seems so obvious that one first wonders why someone as intelligent, perceptive, and knowledgeable as Robert Jervis raises the question. On… More

An Exchange on Civil-Military Relations

– Kohn, Richard, Colin Powell, John Lehman, William Odom, Samuel Huntington, "An Exchange on Civil-Military Relations," The National Interest 36 (Summer 1994): 23-31
“Of all the problems facing the nation, a crisis in civil-military relations is not one of them and things are not out of control. Mr. Kohn lays major responsibility for this… More

The Civil-military Problematique: Huntington, Janowitz and the Question of Civilian Control

– Feaver, Peter. "The Civil-military Problematique: Huntington, Janowitz and the Question of Civilian Control." Armed Forces and Society: An Interdisciplinary Journal 23:2 (Winter 1996): 149-178.
“The alleged crisis in American civil-military relations has revived a long-standing theoretical debate about the determinants of civilian control. So far, the debate has followed… More

The Erosion of American National Interests

– Huntington, Samuel P. "The Erosion of American National Interests." Foreign Affairs v. 76, n. 5 (1997): 28.
The years since the end of the Cold War have seen intense, wide-ranging, and confused debates about American national interests. Much of this confusion stems from the complexity of the… More

The Lonely Superpower

– Huntington, Samuel P. "The Lonely Superpower." Foreign Affairs v. 78, n. 2 (1999): 35.
During the past decade global politics has changed fundamentally in two ways. First, it has been substantially reconfigured along cultural and civilizational lines, as I have highlighted in… More

Culture Matters: How Values Shape Human Progress

– Ed. Harrison, Lawrence and Samuel P. Huntington. Culture Matters: How Values Shape Human Progress. New York: Basic Books, 2000.
“The Asian and Russian financial crises have helped fuel a growing debate over the impact of culture on economic performance. In this useful guide to the controversy, many authors… More

Robust Nationalism

– Huntington, Samuel P. "Robust Nationalism." The National Interest v. 58 (2000): 31.
Is there such a thing as a conservative foreign policy? There was during the Cold War, but now the answer appears to be “no.” People who consider themselves conservative and are… More

Try Again: A Reply to Russett, Oneal & Cox

– Huntington, Samuel P. "Try Again: A Reply to Russett, Oneal & Cox." Journal of Peace Research v. 37, n. 5 (2000): 609-610.
Russett, Oneal & Cox (2000) (henceforth RO&C) claim that their analysis of militarized interstate disputes between 1950 and 1992 provides a test of my hypotheses concerning clashes… More

The Special Case of Mexican Immigration

– Huntington, Samuel P, Georgie Anne Geyer, Peter Skerry, Linda Chavez, and Barbara Curtis. "The Special Case of Mexican Immigration." The American Enterprise v. 11, n. 8 (2000): 20.
America is often described as a country defined by a commitment to a creed formulated in the writings of our Founders. But American identity is only partly a matter of creed. For much of… More

Looking the World in the Eye by Robert D. Kaplan

– Kaplan, Robert. "Looking the World in the Eye." The Atlantic 288:5 (Dec. 2001): 68-82.
Excerpt: The most memorable review that Samuel Phillips Huntington, the Albert J. Weatherhead III University Professor at Harvard, ever got was a bad one. “Imagine,” Huntington… More

Samuel Huntington and the Geopolitics of American Identity: The Function of Foreign Policy in America’s Domestic Clash of Civilizations

– El-Din, Aysha. "Samuel Huntington and the Geopolitics of American Identity: The Function of Foreign Policy in America's Domestic Clash of Civilizations." International Studies Review, 5:1 (2003): 53-76.
The clash of civilizations thesis’s true origins lie partly in problems Samuel Huntington sees brewing in his own country. His thesis is to a considerable extent an externalization of… More

Huntington’s Shift to the Declinist Camp: Conservative Declinism and the ‘Historical Function’ of the Clash of Civilizations

– El-Din, Aysha. "Huntington’s Shift to the Declinist Camp: Conservative Declinism and the ‘Historical Function’ of the Clash of Civilizations." International Relations 17:4 (2003): 429-452.
Samuel Huntington, a severe critic of decline theory and an adamant revivalist, shifted radically to the declinist camp with the end of the Cold War, his penultimate declinist vision being… More

The US Media, Huntington and September 11

– Abrahamian, Ervand. "The US Media, Huntington and September 11." Third World Quarterly, 24:3 (Jun. 2003): 529-544.
The mainstream quality media in the USA—unlike that of Europe— framed September 11 within the context of Islam, culture and civilisations. In other words, it explained the crisis by… More

Armed Servants: Agency, Oversight, and Civil-Military Relations

– Feaver, Peter. Armed Servants: Agency, Oversight, and Civil-Military Relations. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2003.
How do civilians control the military? In the wake of September 11, the renewed presence of national security in everyday life has made this question all the more pressing. In this book,… More

Osama bin Laden Has Given Common Identity Back to the West

– Huntington, Samuel P. "Osama bin Laden Has Given Common Identity Back to the West." New Perspectives Quarterly v. 19, n. 1 (2003): 5-8.
Osama bin Laden has declared war on Western civilization, and in particular the United States. If the Muslim community to which Bin Laden is appealing rallies to him, then it will become a… More

Two Wests

– Huntington, Samuel P and Anthony Giddens.  "Two Wests." New Perspectives Quarterly v. 20, n. 4 (2003): 37-43.
The central division in the West is one which so many people have focused on: the difference in power between the United States and Europe. This division naturally gives rise to… More

Huntington or Halliburton? The Real Clash of Civilizations in American Life

– James, Christine. "Huntington or Halliburton? The Real Clash of Civilizations in American Life." Journal for the Study of Religion and Ideologies 3:8 (2004): 43-54.
A wide variety of sources, including the Huntington literature and popular mass media, show that Huntington’s “clash of civilizations” idea actually has very little value in… More

Native Son: Samuel Huntington Defends the Homeland

– Wolfe, Alan. "Native Son: Samuel Huntington Defends the Homeland." Foreign Affairs 83:3 (May-June 2004): 120.
In the course of a remarkably distinguished academic career, Samuel Huntington has demonstrated a steadfast commitment to realism. Distaste for sentimentality is certainly on display in his… More

Getting Me Wrong [with Reply]

– Huntington, Samuel P and Alan Wolfe. "Getting Me Wrong [with Reply]." Foreign Affairs v. 83, n. 5 (2004): 155-159.
In evaluating a novel, a poem, or a scholarly study, it can be useful and insightful to consider that work in the context of the author’s other writings, if those exist. For social… More

Dead Souls

– Huntington, Samuel P. "Dead Souls." The National Interest v. 75, n. 5 (2004): 5.
Debates over national identity are a pervasive characteristic of our time. In part, they raise rhetorical questions, but they also have profound implications for American society and… More

Are We A Nation “Under God”?

– Huntington, Samuel P. "Are We A Nation "Under God”?" The American Enterprise v. 15, n. 5, (2004): 18.
As this issue of The American Enterprise goes to press this June, the U.S. Supreme Court is considering whether the words “under G-d” in the Pledge of Allegiance are a… More

One Nation, Out of Many

– Huntington, Samuel P. "One Nation, Out of Many." The American Enterprise v. 15, n. 6, (2004): 20.
America’s core culture has primarily been the culture of the seventeenth- and eighteenth-century settlers who founded our nation. The central elements of that culture are the Christian… More

The Hispanic Challenge

– Huntington, Samuel P. "The Hispanic Challenge." Foreign Policy v. 141 (2004): 30-45.
The persistent inflow of Hispanic immigrants threatens to divide the United States into two peoples, two cultures, and two languages. Unlike past immigrant groups, Mexicans and other… More

Who Are We?: The Challenges to America’s National Identity

– Huntington, Samuel P. Who Are We?: The Challenges to America’s National Identity. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2005.
In his seminal work The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order, Samuel Huntington argued provocatively and presciently that with the end of the cold war,… More

Problems of Identity in America: Two Views

– Black, Jeremy and John Zmirak. "Problems of Identity in America: Two Views." Modern Age 47:3 (Summer 2005): 278-285.
This is a rare book – erudite and readable, analytical but urgent, a work of political science which the author admits he wrote as “a patriot.” While few political theorists… More

What are we to make of Samuel Huntington?

– Skerry, Peter. "What are we to make of Samuel Huntington?" Society 43:1 (Nov-Dec 2005): 82-92.
“At one point in Who Are We? Samuel Huntington related a little-known episode of the Mexican War, in which Irish immigrant soldier deserted the American army to serve with their… More

The Crisis of American National Identity by Charles Kesler

– Kesler, Charles. "The Crisis of American National Identity." Claremont Review of Books 5:4 (Fall 2005): 24-30.
About a decade ago, when he was vice president, Al Gore explained that our national motto, e pluribus unum, means “from one, many.” This was a sad day for knowledge of Latin… More

Political Islam, Clash of Civilizations, U.S. Dominance and Arab Support of Attacks on America: A Test of a Hierarchical Model

– Mostafa Mohammed and Mohanedt Al-Hamdi, "Political Islam, Clash of Civilizations, U.S. Dominance and Arab Support of Attacks on America: A Test of a Hierarchical Model." Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, 30:8 (2007): 723-736.
This study examines two theses used to explain Arab support of the 11 September attacks on the United States: clash of civilizations and anti-dominance reaction to perceived American… More

The Future of Freedom: Illiberal democracy at home and abroad

– Zakaria, Fareed. The Future of Freedom: Illiberal Democracy at Home and Abroad. New York: Norton & Co, 2007.
Translated into twenty languages The Future of Freedom is a modern classic that uses historical analysis to shed light on the present, examining how democracy has changed our politics,… More

Testing Huntington: Is Hispanic Immigration a Threat to American Identity?

– Citrin, Jack and Amy Lerman, Michael Murakami, and Kathryn Pearson. "Testing Huntington: Is Hispanic Immigration a Threat to American Identity?" Perspectives on Politics 5:1 (March 2007): 31-48.
Samuel Huntington argues that the sheer number, concentration, linguistic homogeneity, and other characteristic of Hispanic immigrants will erode the dominance of English as a nationally… More

American Immigration through Comparativists’ Eyes

– Laitin, David. "American Immigration through Comparativists' Eyes." Comparative Politics 41:1 (Oct. 2008) 103-120.
Immigration and its challenge to national identities are unleashing political conflict throughout the world. Three of the founders of modern comparative politics—Samuel Huntington,… More

A Scholar and a Gentleman

– Desch, Michael. "A Scholar and a Gentleman," American Conservative 8:2 (Jan. 26, 2009): 25-26.
Samuel Huntington died on Christmas Eve at age 81 after a long and slow decline. We have lost not only an astute public intellectual but a fine man. Fortunately, he left a rich legacy:… More

American Civil-Military Relations: The Soldier and the State in a New Era

– Eds. Nielson, Suzanne and Don Snider. American Civil-Military Relations: The Soldier and the State in a New Era. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2009.
American Civil-Military Relations offers the first comprehensive assessment of the subject since the publication of Samuel P. Huntington’s field-defining book, The Soldier and the State.… More

Samuel P. Huntington and the Ambiguities of American Power

– Zanin, Toby. "Samuel P. Huntington and the Ambiguities of American Power" International Journal 64:4 (Oct. 2009): 1109-1116
“He may not have ultimately enjoyed the last word on anything, but during a long and controversial career, Samuel Huntington (1927-2008) certainly did enjoy the exercise of initiating… More

A Scholar and a Gentleman by Eliot Cohen

– Eliot Cohen, "A Scholar and a Gentleman," Weekly Standard, January 19, 2009.
Excerpt: As the obituary notices will tell you, Samuel Huntington was a controversial figure. They lead, normally, with a reference to “Clash of Civilizations?” his 1993 Foreign… More

Who Are We? : Samuel Huntington and the Problem of American Identity

– Holloway, Carson. "Who Are We? : Samuel Huntington and the Problem of American Identity.' Perspectives on Political Science, 40:2 (2011): 106-114.
Responding to Samuel Huntington’s argument in Who Are We? The Challenges to America’s National Identity, this article explores the problematic character of American national… More

Samuel Huntington’s Legacy

– Fukuyama, Francis. "Samuel Huntington’s Legacy." Foreign Policy, Jan 5, 2011.
Of all of Samuel Huntington’s contributions to the study of politics, the most important was his 1968 work Political Order in Changing Societies. This book was probably the last major… More

American Civil-military Relations Today: The Continuing Relevance of Samuel P. Huntington’s The Soldier and the State

– Nielson, Suzanne. "American Civil-military Relations Today: the Continuing Relevance of Samuel P. Huntington’s The Soldier and the State." International Affairs, 88:2 (Mar. 2012): 369-376.
Fifty-five years after it was first published, Samuel Huntington’s The soldier and the state remains an essential starting point for serious discussions of American civil–military… More

Anglosphere Exceptionalism

– Windschuttle, Keith. "Anglosphere Exceptionalism" New Criterion, 32:5 (Jan 2014): 23-29.
In 1996, when I visited New York to speak at some local universities, I was surprised to read a story on the front page of The New York Times. The Republican Governor of the state, George… More

Teaching

The Election Tactics of the Nonpartisan League

– Huntington, Samuel P. "The Election Tactics of the Nonpartisan League." The Mississippi Valley Historical Review. v.36, n. 4: 613-632.
“For many years a problem relating to the nature of the American party system has confronted politicians and reformers on one hand and historians and political scientists on the… More

The Marasmus of the ICC: The Commission, the Railroads, and the Public Interest

– Huntington, Samuel P. "The Marasmus of the ICC: The Commission, the Railroads, and the Public Interest." The Yale Law Journal v. 61, n. 4 (Apr 1952): 467-509
“Among the myriad federal agencies concerned with transportation, the Interstate Commerce Commission has long been preeminent. It is the oldest transportation regulatory commission,… More

The ICC Re-Examined: A Colloquy

– Huntington, Samuel P, CP Dickerman and Charles S. Morgan. The Yale Law Journal (1952): 44-63.
“Mr. Williams criticisms in Transportation Regulation are inefect limited to my recommendation in the Marasmus that the regulatory functions of the ICC should be placed within the… More

Civilian Control and the Constitution

– Huntington, Samuel P. "Civilian Control and the Constitution." American Political Science Review v. 50, n. 3 (1956): 676-699.
“Civilian control of the military is a basic principle of the American Constitution”; so runs the commonplace. It is the thesis of this article that the eliche could hardly be… More

The Soldier and the State: The Theory and Politics of Civil-Military Relations

– Huntington, Samuel P. The Soldier and the State: The Theory and Politics of Civil-Military Relations. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1957.
“In a classic work, Samuel P. Huntington challenges most of the old assumptions and ideas on the role of the military in society. Stressing the value of the military outlook for… More

Conservatism as an Ideology

– Huntington, Samuel P. "Conservatism as an Ideology." The American Political Science Review v. 51, n. 2 (1957): 454-473.
“Does conservative political thought have a place in America today? The answer to this question depends on the general nature of conservatism as in ideology: its distinguishing… More

Communications

– Hacker, Louise M. and Samuel P. Huntington. "Communications." American Political Science Review v. 51, n. 4 (1957): 1062-1064.

The Common Defense: Strategic Programs in National Politics

– Huntington, Samuel P. The Common Defense: Strategic Programs in National Politics. New York, Columbia University Press, 1961.
“Professor Robert Bowie of Harvard, who formerly headed the State Department’s policy planning staff, remarked a year ago that “we just don’t know much about …… More

The New Civil-Military Relations

– Lyons, Gene. "The New Civil-Military Relations." American Political Science Review 55 (March 1961): 53-60.
“Historically the character of civil-military relations in the United States has been dominated by the concept of civilian control of the military. This has largely been a response to… More

Equilibrium and Disequilibrium in American Military Policy

– Huntington, Samuel P. "Equilibrium and Disequilibrium in American Military Policy." Political Science Quarterly v. 76, n. 4 (1961): 481-502.
“For fifteen years American military policy has been in a state of turmoil and change. As a result, perhaps, stability has ranked high as a goal of military policy. In some respects… More

Interservice Competition and the Political Roles of the Armed Services

– Huntington, Samuel P. "Interservice Competition and the Political Roles of the Armed Services." The American Political Science Review v. 55, n. 1 (1961): 40-52.
“Conventional wisdom” (to purloin a phrase from Galbraith) holds that interservice competition necessarily undermines economy, efficiency, and effective central control in the military… More

Political Power: USA/USSR

– Brzezinsky, Zbigniew and Samuel P. Huntington. Political Power: USA/USSR. New York: Viking Press, 1964.
“This is a stimulating study by two creative and productive young political scientists. Professor Brzezinski is the author of several important works on Soviet and Eastern European… More

Political Ideals and the Military Ethic

– Guttman, Allen. "Political Ideals and the Military Ethic." American Scholar 34:2 (Spring 1965): 221-237.
“From the 1770s to the 1960s, from the Committee of Correspondence to S.N.C.C., American political rhetoric has remained remarkably constant. Liberty and equality. Although each… More

Political Development and the Decline of the American System of World Order

– Huntington, Samuel P. "Political Development and the Decline of the American System of World Order." Daedalus  v. 96, n. 3 (1967): 927-929.
“By the year 2000 it should be clear retrospectively that the dominant feature of international politics during the thirty years after WWII was neither the East-West confrontation… More

Foreign Aid for What and for Whom

– Huntington, Samuel P. "Foreign Aid for What and for Whom." Foreign Policy v. 1 (1970): 161-189.
“Foreign Aid: Billions in Search of a Good Reason” was the title of a 1963 Fortune article by Charles J. V. Murphy. Seven years later, the billions may be fewer in number, but… More

Why “Foreign Policy”?

– Huntington, Samuel P. and Warren Demian Manshel. "Why "Foreign Policy"?" Foreign Policy v. 1 (1970): 3-5.

Foreign Aid for What and for Whom (II)

– Huntington, Samuel P. "Foreign Aid for What and for Whom (II)." Foreign Policy v. 2 (1971): 114-134.
“The year 1971 could be an historic one for US foreign aid. Congress and the President have the opportunity this year to make fundamental innovations. The effort is timely, for many… More

After Containment: The Functions of the Military Establishment

– Huntington, Samuel P. "After Containment: The Functions of the Military Establishment." Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science v. 406 (1973): 1-16.
After World War II, the United States reconstituted its military policy for the third time in its history. A strategy of deterrence was adopted as the military counterpart to a foreign… More

Paradigms of American Politics: Beyond the One, the Two, and the Many

– Huntington, Samuel P. "Paradigms of American Politics: Beyond the One, the Two, and the Many." Political Science Quarterly v. 89, n. 1 (1974): 1-26.
“In American social studies,” Louis Hartz observed eighteen years ago, “we still live in the shadow of the Progressive era.” The book in which he wrote these words… More

Postindustrial Politics: How Benign Will It Be?

– Huntington, Samuel P. "Postindustrial Politics: How Benign Will It Be?" Comparative Politics v. 6 n. 2 (1974): 163-191.
The concept of postindustrial society was advanced in the early 1960s by Daniel Bell as a model of society comparable to, but significantly different from, models of industrial and agrarian… More

Trade, Technology, and Leverage: Economic Diplomacy

– Huntington, Samuel P, Franklyn Holzman, Richard Portes, John Kiser, Maurice J. Mountain, and Robert Klitgaard. "Trade, Technology, and Leverage: Economic Diplomacy." Foreign Policy v. 32 (1978): 63-106.
An effective and realistic approach to US-Soviet economic relations today must reflect the key characteristics of the current phase of the superpower relationship. This phase differs… More

American Politics: The Promise of Disharmony

– Huntington, Samuel. American Politics: The Promise of Disharmony. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1981.
“This stunningly persuasive book examines the persistent, radical gap between the promise of American ideals and the performance of American politics. Samuel P. Huntington shows how… More

The Democratic Temper

– Beer, Samuel. "The Democratic Temper." The New Republic 185 (Nov. 11, 1981): 30-33.
“This brilliant book should have been published a year ago. In the last days of the Carter Administration it did seem as if our political institutions suffered from a deepening… More

The Strategic Imperative: New Policies for American Security

– Ed. Huntington, Samuel P. The Strategic Imperative: New Policies for American Security. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1982.
This product of Harvard’s new Program in National Security Studies is an interesting collection of essays which, in contrast to the Blechman volume (above), places comparatively… More

The ‘American Creed’ and Constitutional Theory

– Smith, Rogers M. "The 'American Creed' and Constitutional Theory." Harvard Law Review 95 (May 1982): 1691-1702.
“Political scientist Samuel P. Huntington’s scholarship has been unified by an ongoing concern for the basis of political authority in various political arenas. This concern… More

American Ideals versus American Institutions

– Huntington, Samuel P. "American Ideals versus American Institutions." Political Science Quarterly v. 97, n. 1 (1982): 1-37.
Throughout the history of the United States a broad consensus has existed among the American people in support of liberal, democratic, individualistic, and egalitarian values. These… More

Living with Nuclear Weapons

– Carnesale, Albert, Paul Doty, Stanley Hoffman, Samuel P. Huntington, Joseph D. Nye Jr., Scott Sagan, Derek Bok. Living with Nuclear Weapons. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1983.
At the request of the President of Harvard University, six Harvard scholars have joined forces to write a book that lays out the facts about nuclear weapons for all concerned citizens who… More

Samuel P. Huntington: An Appreciation

– Putnam, Robert. "Samuel P. Huntington: An Appreciation." Political Science and Politics 19:4 (Autumn, 1986): 837-845.
“To survey the life and work of Samuel P. Huntington, the new President of the American Political Science Association, is a challenging task. First, even more than most other leaders… More

Coping with the Lippmann Gap

– Huntington, Samuel P. "Coping with the Lippmann Gap." Foreign Affairs v. 66, n. 3 (1987): 453-477.
Foreign policy,” wrote Walter Lippmann in 1943 in an oft-quoted phrase, “consists in bringing into balance, with a comfortable surplus of power in reserve, the nation’s… More

The U.S.: Decline or Renewal?

– Huntington, Samuel P. "The U.S.: Decline or Renewal?" Foreign Affairs v. 67, n. 2 (1988): 76-96.
In 1988 the United States reached the zenith of its fifth wave of declinism since the 1950s. The roots of this phenomenon lie in the political economy literature of the early 1980s that… More

The Concept of Military Professionalism

– Harries-Jenkins, Gwyn. "The Concept of Military Professionalism." Defense Analysis 6:2 (Jun. 1990): 117-130.
“The publication in 1957 of Huntington’s The Soldier and the State and of Janowitz’s The Professional Soldier 3 years later stimulated considerable interest in the study… More

Why International Primacy Matters

– Huntington, Samuel P. "Why International Primacy Matters." International Security v. 17, n. 4 (1993): 68-83.
Does international primacy matter? The answer seems so obvious that one first wonders why someone as intelligent, perceptive, and knowledgeable as Robert Jervis raises the question. On… More

An Exchange on Civil-Military Relations

– Kohn, Richard, Colin Powell, John Lehman, William Odom, Samuel Huntington, "An Exchange on Civil-Military Relations," The National Interest 36 (Summer 1994): 23-31
“Of all the problems facing the nation, a crisis in civil-military relations is not one of them and things are not out of control. Mr. Kohn lays major responsibility for this… More

The Civil-military Problematique: Huntington, Janowitz and the Question of Civilian Control

– Feaver, Peter. "The Civil-military Problematique: Huntington, Janowitz and the Question of Civilian Control." Armed Forces and Society: An Interdisciplinary Journal 23:2 (Winter 1996): 149-178.
“The alleged crisis in American civil-military relations has revived a long-standing theoretical debate about the determinants of civilian control. So far, the debate has followed… More

The Erosion of American National Interests

– Huntington, Samuel P. "The Erosion of American National Interests." Foreign Affairs v. 76, n. 5 (1997): 28.
The years since the end of the Cold War have seen intense, wide-ranging, and confused debates about American national interests. Much of this confusion stems from the complexity of the… More

The Lonely Superpower

– Huntington, Samuel P. "The Lonely Superpower." Foreign Affairs v. 78, n. 2 (1999): 35.
During the past decade global politics has changed fundamentally in two ways. First, it has been substantially reconfigured along cultural and civilizational lines, as I have highlighted in… More

Culture Matters: How Values Shape Human Progress

– Ed. Harrison, Lawrence and Samuel P. Huntington. Culture Matters: How Values Shape Human Progress. New York: Basic Books, 2000.
“The Asian and Russian financial crises have helped fuel a growing debate over the impact of culture on economic performance. In this useful guide to the controversy, many authors… More

Robust Nationalism

– Huntington, Samuel P. "Robust Nationalism." The National Interest v. 58 (2000): 31.
Is there such a thing as a conservative foreign policy? There was during the Cold War, but now the answer appears to be “no.” People who consider themselves conservative and are… More

Try Again: A Reply to Russett, Oneal & Cox

– Huntington, Samuel P. "Try Again: A Reply to Russett, Oneal & Cox." Journal of Peace Research v. 37, n. 5 (2000): 609-610.
Russett, Oneal & Cox (2000) (henceforth RO&C) claim that their analysis of militarized interstate disputes between 1950 and 1992 provides a test of my hypotheses concerning clashes… More

The Special Case of Mexican Immigration

– Huntington, Samuel P, Georgie Anne Geyer, Peter Skerry, Linda Chavez, and Barbara Curtis. "The Special Case of Mexican Immigration." The American Enterprise v. 11, n. 8 (2000): 20.
America is often described as a country defined by a commitment to a creed formulated in the writings of our Founders. But American identity is only partly a matter of creed. For much of… More

Looking the World in the Eye by Robert D. Kaplan

– Kaplan, Robert. "Looking the World in the Eye." The Atlantic 288:5 (Dec. 2001): 68-82.
Excerpt: The most memorable review that Samuel Phillips Huntington, the Albert J. Weatherhead III University Professor at Harvard, ever got was a bad one. “Imagine,” Huntington… More

Samuel Huntington and the Geopolitics of American Identity: The Function of Foreign Policy in America’s Domestic Clash of Civilizations

– El-Din, Aysha. "Samuel Huntington and the Geopolitics of American Identity: The Function of Foreign Policy in America's Domestic Clash of Civilizations." International Studies Review, 5:1 (2003): 53-76.
The clash of civilizations thesis’s true origins lie partly in problems Samuel Huntington sees brewing in his own country. His thesis is to a considerable extent an externalization of… More

Huntington’s Shift to the Declinist Camp: Conservative Declinism and the ‘Historical Function’ of the Clash of Civilizations

– El-Din, Aysha. "Huntington’s Shift to the Declinist Camp: Conservative Declinism and the ‘Historical Function’ of the Clash of Civilizations." International Relations 17:4 (2003): 429-452.
Samuel Huntington, a severe critic of decline theory and an adamant revivalist, shifted radically to the declinist camp with the end of the Cold War, his penultimate declinist vision being… More

The US Media, Huntington and September 11

– Abrahamian, Ervand. "The US Media, Huntington and September 11." Third World Quarterly, 24:3 (Jun. 2003): 529-544.
The mainstream quality media in the USA—unlike that of Europe— framed September 11 within the context of Islam, culture and civilisations. In other words, it explained the crisis by… More

Armed Servants: Agency, Oversight, and Civil-Military Relations

– Feaver, Peter. Armed Servants: Agency, Oversight, and Civil-Military Relations. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2003.
How do civilians control the military? In the wake of September 11, the renewed presence of national security in everyday life has made this question all the more pressing. In this book,… More

Osama bin Laden Has Given Common Identity Back to the West

– Huntington, Samuel P. "Osama bin Laden Has Given Common Identity Back to the West." New Perspectives Quarterly v. 19, n. 1 (2003): 5-8.
Osama bin Laden has declared war on Western civilization, and in particular the United States. If the Muslim community to which Bin Laden is appealing rallies to him, then it will become a… More

Two Wests

– Huntington, Samuel P and Anthony Giddens.  "Two Wests." New Perspectives Quarterly v. 20, n. 4 (2003): 37-43.
The central division in the West is one which so many people have focused on: the difference in power between the United States and Europe. This division naturally gives rise to… More

Huntington or Halliburton? The Real Clash of Civilizations in American Life

– James, Christine. "Huntington or Halliburton? The Real Clash of Civilizations in American Life." Journal for the Study of Religion and Ideologies 3:8 (2004): 43-54.
A wide variety of sources, including the Huntington literature and popular mass media, show that Huntington’s “clash of civilizations” idea actually has very little value in… More

Native Son: Samuel Huntington Defends the Homeland

– Wolfe, Alan. "Native Son: Samuel Huntington Defends the Homeland." Foreign Affairs 83:3 (May-June 2004): 120.
In the course of a remarkably distinguished academic career, Samuel Huntington has demonstrated a steadfast commitment to realism. Distaste for sentimentality is certainly on display in his… More

Getting Me Wrong [with Reply]

– Huntington, Samuel P and Alan Wolfe. "Getting Me Wrong [with Reply]." Foreign Affairs v. 83, n. 5 (2004): 155-159.
In evaluating a novel, a poem, or a scholarly study, it can be useful and insightful to consider that work in the context of the author’s other writings, if those exist. For social… More

Dead Souls

– Huntington, Samuel P. "Dead Souls." The National Interest v. 75, n. 5 (2004): 5.
Debates over national identity are a pervasive characteristic of our time. In part, they raise rhetorical questions, but they also have profound implications for American society and… More

Are We A Nation “Under God”?

– Huntington, Samuel P. "Are We A Nation "Under God”?" The American Enterprise v. 15, n. 5, (2004): 18.
As this issue of The American Enterprise goes to press this June, the U.S. Supreme Court is considering whether the words “under G-d” in the Pledge of Allegiance are a… More

One Nation, Out of Many

– Huntington, Samuel P. "One Nation, Out of Many." The American Enterprise v. 15, n. 6, (2004): 20.
America’s core culture has primarily been the culture of the seventeenth- and eighteenth-century settlers who founded our nation. The central elements of that culture are the Christian… More

The Hispanic Challenge

– Huntington, Samuel P. "The Hispanic Challenge." Foreign Policy v. 141 (2004): 30-45.
The persistent inflow of Hispanic immigrants threatens to divide the United States into two peoples, two cultures, and two languages. Unlike past immigrant groups, Mexicans and other… More

Who Are We?: The Challenges to America’s National Identity

– Huntington, Samuel P. Who Are We?: The Challenges to America’s National Identity. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2005.
In his seminal work The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order, Samuel Huntington argued provocatively and presciently that with the end of the cold war,… More

Problems of Identity in America: Two Views

– Black, Jeremy and John Zmirak. "Problems of Identity in America: Two Views." Modern Age 47:3 (Summer 2005): 278-285.
This is a rare book – erudite and readable, analytical but urgent, a work of political science which the author admits he wrote as “a patriot.” While few political theorists… More

What are we to make of Samuel Huntington?

– Skerry, Peter. "What are we to make of Samuel Huntington?" Society 43:1 (Nov-Dec 2005): 82-92.
“At one point in Who Are We? Samuel Huntington related a little-known episode of the Mexican War, in which Irish immigrant soldier deserted the American army to serve with their… More

The Crisis of American National Identity by Charles Kesler

– Kesler, Charles. "The Crisis of American National Identity." Claremont Review of Books 5:4 (Fall 2005): 24-30.
About a decade ago, when he was vice president, Al Gore explained that our national motto, e pluribus unum, means “from one, many.” This was a sad day for knowledge of Latin… More

Political Islam, Clash of Civilizations, U.S. Dominance and Arab Support of Attacks on America: A Test of a Hierarchical Model

– Mostafa Mohammed and Mohanedt Al-Hamdi, "Political Islam, Clash of Civilizations, U.S. Dominance and Arab Support of Attacks on America: A Test of a Hierarchical Model." Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, 30:8 (2007): 723-736.
This study examines two theses used to explain Arab support of the 11 September attacks on the United States: clash of civilizations and anti-dominance reaction to perceived American… More

The Future of Freedom: Illiberal democracy at home and abroad

– Zakaria, Fareed. The Future of Freedom: Illiberal Democracy at Home and Abroad. New York: Norton & Co, 2007.
Translated into twenty languages The Future of Freedom is a modern classic that uses historical analysis to shed light on the present, examining how democracy has changed our politics,… More

Testing Huntington: Is Hispanic Immigration a Threat to American Identity?

– Citrin, Jack and Amy Lerman, Michael Murakami, and Kathryn Pearson. "Testing Huntington: Is Hispanic Immigration a Threat to American Identity?" Perspectives on Politics 5:1 (March 2007): 31-48.
Samuel Huntington argues that the sheer number, concentration, linguistic homogeneity, and other characteristic of Hispanic immigrants will erode the dominance of English as a nationally… More

American Immigration through Comparativists’ Eyes

– Laitin, David. "American Immigration through Comparativists' Eyes." Comparative Politics 41:1 (Oct. 2008) 103-120.
Immigration and its challenge to national identities are unleashing political conflict throughout the world. Three of the founders of modern comparative politics—Samuel Huntington,… More

A Scholar and a Gentleman

– Desch, Michael. "A Scholar and a Gentleman," American Conservative 8:2 (Jan. 26, 2009): 25-26.
Samuel Huntington died on Christmas Eve at age 81 after a long and slow decline. We have lost not only an astute public intellectual but a fine man. Fortunately, he left a rich legacy:… More

American Civil-Military Relations: The Soldier and the State in a New Era

– Eds. Nielson, Suzanne and Don Snider. American Civil-Military Relations: The Soldier and the State in a New Era. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2009.
American Civil-Military Relations offers the first comprehensive assessment of the subject since the publication of Samuel P. Huntington’s field-defining book, The Soldier and the State.… More

Samuel P. Huntington and the Ambiguities of American Power

– Zanin, Toby. "Samuel P. Huntington and the Ambiguities of American Power" International Journal 64:4 (Oct. 2009): 1109-1116
“He may not have ultimately enjoyed the last word on anything, but during a long and controversial career, Samuel Huntington (1927-2008) certainly did enjoy the exercise of initiating… More

A Scholar and a Gentleman by Eliot Cohen

– Eliot Cohen, "A Scholar and a Gentleman," Weekly Standard, January 19, 2009.
Excerpt: As the obituary notices will tell you, Samuel Huntington was a controversial figure. They lead, normally, with a reference to “Clash of Civilizations?” his 1993 Foreign… More

Who Are We? : Samuel Huntington and the Problem of American Identity

– Holloway, Carson. "Who Are We? : Samuel Huntington and the Problem of American Identity.' Perspectives on Political Science, 40:2 (2011): 106-114.
Responding to Samuel Huntington’s argument in Who Are We? The Challenges to America’s National Identity, this article explores the problematic character of American national… More

Samuel Huntington’s Legacy

– Fukuyama, Francis. "Samuel Huntington’s Legacy." Foreign Policy, Jan 5, 2011.
Of all of Samuel Huntington’s contributions to the study of politics, the most important was his 1968 work Political Order in Changing Societies. This book was probably the last major… More

American Civil-military Relations Today: The Continuing Relevance of Samuel P. Huntington’s The Soldier and the State

– Nielson, Suzanne. "American Civil-military Relations Today: the Continuing Relevance of Samuel P. Huntington’s The Soldier and the State." International Affairs, 88:2 (Mar. 2012): 369-376.
Fifty-five years after it was first published, Samuel Huntington’s The soldier and the state remains an essential starting point for serious discussions of American civil–military… More

Anglosphere Exceptionalism

– Windschuttle, Keith. "Anglosphere Exceptionalism" New Criterion, 32:5 (Jan 2014): 23-29.
In 1996, when I visited New York to speak at some local universities, I was surprised to read a story on the front page of The New York Times. The Republican Governor of the state, George… More