Alker, Hayward. "If Not Huntington's "Civilizations," Then Whose?" Review (Fernand Braudel Center) 18:4 (Fall, 1995): 533-562.

“Samuel P. Huntington defines a civilization in psycho-cultural terms as “the highest cultural grouping of people and the broadest level of [‘intensely’ held] cultural identity people had short of that which distinguishes humans form other species.” His reply to his Foreign Affairs critics, “If not Civilizations, then What?” presupposes that his new paradigm candidate for mapping the post-Cold War has no civilizational alternatives. Rather than provide the alternative, non-civilizational approach to mapping the post-Cold War that he asks for, I wish to suggest several alternative, culturally- and materially-oriented civilizational perspectives. Reviewing such alternative approaches will suggest several key deficiencies in Huntington’s own paradigm-initiating effort, as well as many other hypotheses about the post-Cold War future than those Huntington focuses upon, something he has criticized his critics for not doing.”

– Excerpt

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