Commentary

The End of the Transitions Era? by Marc Plattner

– Plattner, Marc F. "The End of the Transitions Era?" Journal of Democracy, 25:3 (Jul. 2014): 5-16.
The year 2014 contains two anniversaries of great significance in the history of democracy. Global attention will no doubt focus primarily on the twenty-fifth anniversary of the Revolutions of 1989, and deservedly so. But there is also another important… More

Anglosphere Exceptionalism

– Windschuttle, Keith. "Anglosphere Exceptionalism" New Criterion, 32:5 (Jan 2014): 23-29.
In 1996, when I visited New York to speak at some local universities, I was surprised to read a story on the front page of The New York Times. The Republican Governor of the state, George Pataki, had just signed into law a new curriculum for state high… More

Tracks of the Third Wave: Democracy Theory, Democratisation and the Dilemma of Political Succession in Africa

– Nwosu, Bernard Ugochukwu. "Tracks of the Third Wave: Democracy Theory, Democratisation and the Dilemma of Political Succession in Africa." Review of African Political Economy 39:131 (2012): 11-25.
The sweep of the third-wave moment of democratic impulses through Africa saw mass movements against authoritarian rule and the demand for liberalisation of political spaces. Ruling-group compromises and promises of democratisation diluted the fervour of this… More

Was Huntington Right? Revisiting the Clash of Civilizations

– Ayoob, Mohammed. "Was Huntington Right? Revisiting the Clash of Civilizations." Insight Turkey 14:4 (Fall 2012): 1-12.
This essay is an attempt to revisit Samuel Huntington’s controversial thesis about a clash of civilizations. Though the author has been an early critique of Huntington, he finds substantial evidence that corroborates Huntington’s central thesis when he… More

Is the Arab Spring in the Third Wave of Democratization? The Case of Syria and Egypt

– Sarihan, Ali. "Is the Arab Spring in the Third Wave of Democratization? The Case of Syria and Egypt." Turkish Journal of Politics 3.1 (Summer 2012): 67-85.
In this paper, I will analyze the participation of Egypt and Syria in the Arab Spring using Huntington’s theory of third wave democratization. I will begin this examination with a brief overview that will place the current Arab Spring issue into its… More

American Civil-Military Relations: Samuel P. Huntington and the Political Dimensions of Military Professionalism,

– Nix, Dwayne. "American Civil-Military Relations: Samuel P. Huntington and the Political Dimensions of Military Professionalism." Naval War College Review, 65:2 (Spring 2012): 88-104.
Samuel P. Huntington died in December 2008, but this Harvard academic continues to have a significant impact on the conduct and state of American civil-military relations. Mackubin Owens’s recent US Civil-Military Relations after 9/11: Renegotiating the… More

American Civil-military Relations Today: The Continuing Relevance of Samuel P. Huntington’s The Soldier and the State

– Nielson, Suzanne. "American Civil-military Relations Today: the Continuing Relevance of Samuel P. Huntington’s The Soldier and the State." International Affairs, 88:2 (Mar. 2012): 369-376.
Fifty-five years after it was first published, Samuel Huntington’s The soldier and the state remains an essential starting point for serious discussions of American civil–military relations. In part this is due to the boldness and ambition of the… More

Samuel Huntington’s Legacy

– Fukuyama, Francis. "Samuel Huntington’s Legacy." Foreign Policy, Jan 5, 2011.
Of all of Samuel Huntington’s contributions to the study of politics, the most important was his 1968 work Political Order in Changing Societies. This book was probably the last major attempt to write a general theory of political development, and its… More

Political Utilisation of Scholarly Ideas: the ‘Clash of Civilisations’ vs. ‘Soft Power’ in US Foreign Policy

– Erikkson, Johan and Ludvig Norman, "Political Utilisation of Scholarly Ideas: the 'Clash of Civilisations' vs. 'Soft Power' in US Foreign Policy." Review of International Studies 37:1 (Jan. 2011): 417-436.
This article discusses how and under what conditions ideas coming from International Relations (IR) scholarship are used in foreign policy. We argue that the focus on policy relevance, which dominates the IR literature on the research-policy interface, is… More

Beyond the Social Imaginary of “Clash of Civilizations”?

– Rizvi, Fazal. "Beyond the Social Imaginary of "Clash of Civilizations"?" Educational Philosophy and Theory, 43:3 (2011) pp. 225-235.
In recent years, the notion of a ‘clash of civilizations’, first put forward by Samuel Huntington (1996), has been widely used to explain the contemporary dynamics of geo-political conflict. It has been argued that the fundamental source of conflict is no… More

Who Are We? : Samuel Huntington and the Problem of American Identity

– Holloway, Carson. "Who Are We? : Samuel Huntington and the Problem of American Identity.' Perspectives on Political Science, 40:2 (2011): 106-114.
Responding to Samuel Huntington’s argument in Who Are We? The Challenges to America’s National Identity, this article explores the problematic character of American national identity. While Huntington presents himself as trying to conserve a… More

“A Zone of Deep Shadow”: Pedagogical and Familial Reflections on “The Clash of Civilizations”

– Jardine, David, Rahat Naqvi and Eric Jardine. ""A Zone of Deep Shadow": Pedagogical and Familial Reflections on "The Clash of Civilizations"." Interchange: A Quarterly Review of Education, Vol. 41:3 (2010): 209-232.
This paper examines the media coverage of the murder of a young Muslim girl in Mississauga, Ontario in December 2007. We examine how that coverage moved from concerns for a terrible family event to the use of the language of Samuel Huntington’s “Clash of… More

A Scholar and a Gentleman by Eliot Cohen

– Eliot Cohen, "A Scholar and a Gentleman," Weekly Standard, January 19, 2009.
Excerpt: As the obituary notices will tell you, Samuel Huntington was a controversial figure. They lead, normally, with a reference to “Clash of Civilizations?” his 1993 Foreign Affairs article, which outraged many readers by predicting that the… More

Samuel P. Huntington and the Ambiguities of American Power

– Zanin, Toby. "Samuel P. Huntington and the Ambiguities of American Power" International Journal 64:4 (Oct. 2009): 1109-1116
“He may not have ultimately enjoyed the last word on anything, but during a long and controversial career, Samuel Huntington (1927-2008) certainly did enjoy the exercise of initiating and often shaping the vistas of new debates on a wide array of… More

American Civil-Military Relations: The Soldier and the State in a New Era

– Eds. Nielson, Suzanne and Don Snider. American Civil-Military Relations: The Soldier and the State in a New Era. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2009.
American Civil-Military Relations offers the first comprehensive assessment of the subject since the publication of Samuel P. Huntington’s field-defining book, The Soldier and the State. Using this seminal work as a point of departure, experts in the fields… More

A Scholar and a Gentleman

– Desch, Michael. "A Scholar and a Gentleman," American Conservative 8:2 (Jan. 26, 2009): 25-26.
Samuel Huntington died on Christmas Eve at age 81 after a long and slow decline. We have lost not only an astute public intellectual but a fine man. Fortunately, he left a rich legacy: pathbreaking scholarship in all four subfields of political science and a… More

American Immigration through Comparativists’ Eyes

– Laitin, David. "American Immigration through Comparativists' Eyes." Comparative Politics 41:1 (Oct. 2008) 103-120.
Immigration and its challenge to national identities are unleashing political conflict throughout the world. Three of the founders of modern comparative politics—Samuel Huntington, Aristide Zolberg, and Jerry Hough—analyze this conflict in studies of the… More

Islamic Fatalism and the Clash of Civilizations: An Appraisal of a Contentious and Dubious Theory

– Acevedo, Gabriel. "Islamic Fatalism and the Clash of Civilizations: An Appraisal of a Contentious and Dubious Theory." Social Forces, 86:4 (June 2008): 1711-1752.
This paper will address the question of Islamic fatalism. Survey data will be used to assess Samuel P. Huntington’s controversial “Clash of Civilizations” thesis and its emphasis on fatalism as an inherent characteristic of Islamic religion. The… More

Testing Huntington: Is Hispanic Immigration a Threat to American Identity?

– Citrin, Jack and Amy Lerman, Michael Murakami, and Kathryn Pearson. "Testing Huntington: Is Hispanic Immigration a Threat to American Identity?" Perspectives on Politics 5:1 (March 2007): 31-48.
Samuel Huntington argues that the sheer number, concentration, linguistic homogeneity, and other characteristic of Hispanic immigrants will erode the dominance of English as a nationally unifying language, weaken the country’s dominant cultural values, and… More

The Future of Freedom: Illiberal democracy at home and abroad

– Zakaria, Fareed. The Future of Freedom: Illiberal Democracy at Home and Abroad. New York: Norton & Co, 2007.
Translated into twenty languages The Future of Freedom is a modern classic that uses historical analysis to shed light on the present, examining how democracy has changed our politics, economies, and social relations. Prescient in laying out the distinction… More

Political Islam, Clash of Civilizations, U.S. Dominance and Arab Support of Attacks on America: A Test of a Hierarchical Model

– Mostafa Mohammed and Mohanedt Al-Hamdi, "Political Islam, Clash of Civilizations, U.S. Dominance and Arab Support of Attacks on America: A Test of a Hierarchical Model." Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, 30:8 (2007): 723-736.
This study examines two theses used to explain Arab support of the 11 September attacks on the United States: clash of civilizations and anti-dominance reaction to perceived American hegemony in the Middle East. Huntington’s clash-of-civilizations… More

Culture, Civilization, or Economy? Test of the Clash of Civilizations Thesis

– Imai, Kunhiko. "Culture, Civilization, or Economy? Test of the Clash of Civilizations Thesis." International Journal on World Peace, Vol. 23:3 (Sept. 2006): 3-33
Many scholars posit that globalization of national economies has weakened states’ control over their societies among developing countries, thus contributing to their democratization. Some scholars such as Samuel Huntington would, however, argue that… More

The Crisis of American National Identity by Charles Kesler

– Kesler, Charles. "The Crisis of American National Identity." Claremont Review of Books 5:4 (Fall 2005): 24-30.
About a decade ago, when he was vice president, Al Gore explained that our national motto, e pluribus unum, means “from one, many.” This was a sad day for knowledge of Latin among our political elite—and after all those expensive private schools… More

Paradigm Lost: Huntington’s Unfulfilled Clash of Civilizations Prediction into the 21st Century

– Fox, Jonathan. "Paradigm Lost: Huntington's Unfulfilled Clash of Civilizations Prediction into the 21st Century." International Politics 42:4 (Dec. 2005): 428-457.
This study addresses a gap in the quantitative literature which tests Samuel Huntington’s Clash of Civilization theory (CoC). Nearly all of the quantitative studies which directly address the theory and most of those which indirectly test it find… More

What are we to make of Samuel Huntington?

– Skerry, Peter. "What are we to make of Samuel Huntington?" Society 43:1 (Nov-Dec 2005): 82-92.
“At one point in Who Are We? Samuel Huntington related a little-known episode of the Mexican War, in which Irish immigrant soldier deserted the American army to serve with their fellow Catholics in what became known as the San Patricio Battalion of… More

Can a Global Peace Last Even If Achieved? Huntington and the Democratic Peace

– Xenias, Anastasia. "Can a Global Peace Last Even If Achieved? Huntington and the Democratic Peace." International Studies Review 7:3 (Sep. 2005), 357-386.
Current events have surfaced new challenges in the international state system. These are alternatively characterized as state versus substate conflicts, religious conflicts or the outgrowth of the rise in fundamentalism, class struggle between the West and… More

Problems of Identity in America: Two Views

– Black, Jeremy and John Zmirak. "Problems of Identity in America: Two Views." Modern Age 47:3 (Summer 2005): 278-285.
This is a rare book – erudite and readable, analytical but urgent, a work of political science which the author admits he wrote as “a patriot.” While few political theorists outside of certain radical circles are likely to admit that they are not… More

National Identity in a Multicultural Nation: The Challenge of Immigration Law and Immigrants

– Johnson, Kevin. "National Identity in a Multicultural Nation: The Challenge of Immigration Law and Immigrants." Michigan Law Review, 103:6 (May 2005): 1347-1390.
This review essay, which will be published in the Michigan Law Review’s 2005 Survey of Books, analyzes Samuel Huntington’s provocative new book Who Are We?: The Challenges to National Identity (2004), which is rich with insights about the negative… More

Not Letting Evidence Get in the Way of Assumptions: Testing the Clash of Civilizations Thesis with More Recent Data

– Henderson, Errol A. "Not Letting Evidence Get in the Way of Assumptions: Testing the Clash of Civilizations Thesis with More Recent Data." International Politics  42:4 (2005): 458-469.
In this research note I examine Huntington’s ‘clash of civilizations’ thesis in the light of his arguments to his detractors to apply his thesis to post-Cold War armed conflicts within states. Drawing on more recent data on intrastate armed… More

The News Media and the “Clash of Civilizations”

– Seib, Philip. "The News Media and the 'Clash of Civilizations.'" Parameters 34:4 (Winter 2004): 71-86.
The “call to jihad is rising in the streets of Europe, and is being answered,” reported The New York Times in April 2004. The Times story quoted a Muslim cleric in Britain touting the “culture of martyrdom,” an imam in Switzerland urging his followers… More

Native Son: Samuel Huntington Defends the Homeland

– Wolfe, Alan. "Native Son: Samuel Huntington Defends the Homeland." Foreign Affairs 83:3 (May-June 2004): 120.
In the course of a remarkably distinguished academic career, Samuel Huntington has demonstrated a steadfast commitment to realism. Distaste for sentimentality is certainly on display in his best-known book, The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World… More

Huntington or Halliburton? The Real Clash of Civilizations in American Life

– James, Christine. "Huntington or Halliburton? The Real Clash of Civilizations in American Life." Journal for the Study of Religion and Ideologies 3:8 (2004): 43-54.
A wide variety of sources, including the Huntington literature and popular mass media, show that Huntington’s “clash of civilizations” idea actually has very little value in understanding the current global political context. The central assumption of… More

Armed Servants: Agency, Oversight, and Civil-Military Relations

– Feaver, Peter. Armed Servants: Agency, Oversight, and Civil-Military Relations. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2003.
How do civilians control the military? In the wake of September 11, the renewed presence of national security in everyday life has made this question all the more pressing. In this book, Peter Feaver proposes an ambitious new theory that treats civil-military… More

Samuel Huntingtons demokratische Wellen — viel Lärm um Gischt? [Samuel Huntington’s Democratic Waves: Much Ado about Spray

– Zimmerling, Ruth. "Samuel Huntingtons demokratische Wellen — viel Lärm um Gischt? [Samuel Huntington’s Democratic Waves: Much Ado about Spray." Politische Vierteljahresschrift 44:2 (June 2003): 196-216.
“In this paper I will take a critical look at the state of knowledge about prerequisites of democracy within the academic discipline of political science. I will argue that over the past one and a half centuries or so, this knowledge has advanced less… More

The US Media, Huntington and September 11

– Abrahamian, Ervand. "The US Media, Huntington and September 11." Third World Quarterly, 24:3 (Jun. 2003): 529-544.
The mainstream quality media in the USA—unlike that of Europe— framed September 11 within the context of Islam, culture and civilisations. In other words, it explained the crisis by resorting to Samuel Huntington’s ‘Clash of civilizations’. This… More

The Irony of Western Ideas in a Multicultural World: Russians’ Intellectual Engagement with the “End of History” and “Clash of Civilizations

– Tsygankov, Andrei. "The Irony of Western Ideas in a Multicultural World: Russians' Intellectual Engagement with the 'End of History' and 'Clash of Civilizations.'" International Studies Review 5:1 (Mar. 2003), 53-76.
International ideas can make important contributions to how local cultures and civilizations perceive each other. Indeed, ideas formulated in one society can be misunderstood by the domestic publics of another society when they are framed in an ethnocentric… More

Huntington’s Shift to the Declinist Camp: Conservative Declinism and the ‘Historical Function’ of the Clash of Civilizations

– El-Din, Aysha. "Huntington’s Shift to the Declinist Camp: Conservative Declinism and the ‘Historical Function’ of the Clash of Civilizations." International Relations 17:4 (2003): 429-452.
Samuel Huntington, a severe critic of decline theory and an adamant revivalist, shifted radically to the declinist camp with the end of the Cold War, his penultimate declinist vision being found in The Clash of Civilizations. A chronological analysis of his… More

Samuel Huntington and the Geopolitics of American Identity: The Function of Foreign Policy in America’s Domestic Clash of Civilizations

– El-Din, Aysha. "Samuel Huntington and the Geopolitics of American Identity: The Function of Foreign Policy in America's Domestic Clash of Civilizations." International Studies Review, 5:1 (2003): 53-76.
The clash of civilizations thesis’s true origins lie partly in problems Samuel Huntington sees brewing in his own country. His thesis is to a considerable extent an externalization of these troubles––an attempt to solve them through international… More

The ‘Clash of Civilizations’ and Postcommunist Europe

– Miller, Bill. "The 'Clash of Civilizations' and Postcommunist Europe." Comparative European Politics 1:2 (2003): 111-127.
Samuel Huntington’s ‘clash of civilizations’ thesis has been widely disputed, but rarely challenged on the basis of individual-level data. Focusing on two postcommunist societies with substantial Islamic minorities, Bulgaria and Ukraine, and using… More

Is There a Clash of Civilizations? Evidence from Patterns of International Conflict Involvement, 1946-97

– Chiozza, Giacomo. "Is There a Clash of Civilizations? Evidence from Patterns of International Conflict Involvement, 1946-97." Journal of Peace Research 39:6 (Nov. 2002): 711-734.
This article offers an empirical test of Huntington’s thesis in The Clash of Civilizations. Huntington argues that states belonging to different civilizations will have a higher propensity to be involved in international conflict. This effect should be more… More

If Not a Clash, Then What? Huntington, Nishida Kitaro and the Politics of Civilizations

– Jones, Christopher. "If Not a Clash, Then What? Huntington, Nishida Kitaro and the Politics of Civilizations." International Relations of the Asia Pacific 2.2 (Aug 1, 2002): 223-243.
The debate surrounding Samuel Huntington’s influential Clash of Civilizations thesis has been focused too narrowly on the accuracy of his categorization of civilizations. This focus has left the problem of the alleged inter-civilizational order… More

Ethnic Minorities and the Clash of Civilizations: A Quantitative Analysis of Huntington’s Thesis

– Fox, Jonathan. "Ethnic Minorities and the Clash of Civilizations: A Quantitative Analysis of Huntington's Thesis." British Journal of Political Science 32:3 (Jul. 2002): 415-434.
Samuel Huntington’s ‘clash of civilizations’ thesis has sparked considerable debate. Huntington argues that post-Cold War conflicts will revolve primarily around civilizations. This article uses the Minorities at Risk dataset to provide a quantitative… More

Islam and the West

– Bilgrami, Akeel. "Islam and the West." Philosophy & Social Criticism 38:5 (2002): 477-483.
This short essay analyzes the deception and self-deception in talk of ‘the clash of civilizations’ and proceeds to diagnose what is wrong in the standard understanding of Islam in the Western media today by looking to the abiding history of colonial… More

Islamic Culture and Democracy: Testing the ‘Clash of Civilizations’ Thesis

– Inglehard, Ronald. "Islamic Culture and Democracy: Testing the 'Clash of Civilizations' Thesis." Comparative Sociology 1:3 (2002): 235-263.
In seeking to understand the root causes of the events of 9/11 many accounts have turned to Samuel P. Huntington’s provocative and controversial thesis of a “clash of civilizations”, arousing strong debate. Evidence from the 1995-2001 waves… More

Looking the World in the Eye by Robert D. Kaplan

– Kaplan, Robert. "Looking the World in the Eye." The Atlantic 288:5 (Dec. 2001): 68-82.
Excerpt: The most memorable review that Samuel Phillips Huntington, the Albert J. Weatherhead III University Professor at Harvard, ever got was a bad one. “Imagine,” Huntington recalled recently, sitting in his home on Boston’s Beacon Hill.… More

Two Civilizations and Ethnic Conflict: Islam and the West

– Fox, Jonathan. "Two Civilizations and Ethnic Conflict: Islam and the West." Journal of Peace Research 38:4 (Jul. 2001): 459-472.
Samuel Huntington’s controversial ‘Clash of Civilizations’ argument posits, among other things, that the extent of both international and domestic conflict between `civilizations’ will increase with the end of the Cold War. This is… More

Clear and Present Strangers: The Clash of Civilizations and International Conflict

– Henderson, Erroll and Richard Tucker. "Clear and Present Strangers: The Clash of Civilizations and International Conflict." International Studies Quarterly 45:2 (Jun. 2001): 317-338.
“Huntington’s (1993a, 1993b, 1996) clash of civilizations thesis suggests that states belonging to different civilizations are more likely to become involved in conflict with one another. To evaluate the empirical accuracy of Huntington’s… More

Dialogue Among Civilizations: Possibilities after Huntington

– Healey, Stephen. "Dialogue Among Civilizations: Possibilities after Huntington." International Journal on World Peace. 18:1 (Mar. 2001): 7-14.
“Samuel Huntington’s 1993 Foreign Affairs article “The Clash of Civilizations?” was greeted with a hailstorm of protest, but many also felt that Huntington had grasped something important and fundamental about the post Cold War world.… More

Globalization and Political Strategy

– Jameson, Fredric. "Globalization and Political Strategy." New Left Review 4 (2000): 49-68.
Attempts to define globalization often seem little better than so many ideological appropriations—discussions not of the process itself, but of its effects, good or bad: judgements, in other words, totalizing in nature; while functional descriptions tend to… More

Clash of Civilizations, or Realism and Liberalism Déjà Vu? Some Evidence

– Russett, Bruce and John Oneal and Michaelene Cox. "Clash of Civilizations, or Realism and Liberalism Déjà Vu? Some Evidence." Journal of Peace Research 37:5 (Sep. 2000): 583-608.
We assess the degree to which propositions from Samuel Huntington’s The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order can account for the incidence of militarized interstate disputes between countries during the period 1950-92. We find that… More

Managing the ‘Expert Problem’ in Civil-Military Relations

– Bland, Douglas. "Managing the 'Expert Problem' in Civil-Military Relations." European Security 8:3 (Autumn 1999): 25-43.
Samuel Huntington once defined ‘the modern problem of civil‐military relations’ as managing the relationship between military experts and civilian ministers. The expert/minister problem arises not simply because senior military officers and defense… More

Samuel Huntington and Communist Civil-Military Relations

– Herspring, Dale. "Samuel Huntington and Communist Civil-Military Relations." Armed Forces and Society: An Interdisciplinary Journal 25:4 (Summer 1999): 557-577.
“Contrary to Huntington’s hypothesis, analysis suggests that the relationship between the party-political apparatus and line elements of the armed forces of the former Soviet Union and the former German Democratic Republic was less confrontational… More

From Modernization Theory Towards the ‘Clash of Civilizations’: Directions and Paradigm Shifts in Samuel Huntington’s Analysis and Prognosis of Global Development

– Kreutzmann, Hermann. "From Modernization Theory Towards the 'Clash of Civilizations': Directions and Paradigm Shifts in Samuel Huntington's Analysis and Prognosis of Global Development." GeoJournal, 46:4 (1998): 255-265.
This paper critically discusses Samuel Huntington’s contribution to development studies. Long before his currently debated work on the clash of civilizations, Huntington wrote on the political order in changing societies. In this highly influential book… More

A Clash of Civilizations: An Idée Fixe?

– Senghaas, Deiter. "A Clash of Civilizations: An Idée Fixe?" Journal of Peace Research 35:1 (Jan 1998): 127-132.
Huntington’s thesis on the prospective clash of civilizations is criticized in two directions: neither the original article or the book gives any systematic analysis of the inherent link between the cultural characteristics of civilizations and the… More

The Promise of Globalization or the Clash of Civilizations

– Neckerman, Peter. "The Promise of Globalization or the Clash of Civilizations." World and I 13:2 (Dec. 1998): 314.
“If I were asked to give a name to our century, I would not hesitate for a single moment. I would call it the “Century of Globalization,” because this will be its lasting legacy. The two dominant ideologies, communism and liberalism… More

Remaking the World by Sandra Buckley

– Buckley, Sandra. "Remaking the World: Reflections on Huntington's Clash of Civilizations." Theory & Event, 2:4 (1998): 1-24.
“I was having a great deal of trouble trying to identify for myself what I wanted to say in this essay and in frustration I took a day off and went to visit the Monterey Aquarium with my family and there I found the answer to my dilemma. I walked from… More

Political Order in Changing Societies by Francis Fukuyama

– Fukuyama, Francis. "Political Order in Changing Societies." Foreign Affairs 76:5 (Sept/Oct 1997): 215-216.
“Huntington’s foundational work on political development was controversial when it first appeared, in the midst of the Vietnam War, because it argued that order itself was an important goal of developing societies, independent of the question of… More

The Civil-military Problematique: Huntington, Janowitz and the Question of Civilian Control

– Feaver, Peter. "The Civil-military Problematique: Huntington, Janowitz and the Question of Civilian Control." Armed Forces and Society: An Interdisciplinary Journal 23:2 (Winter 1996): 149-178.
“The alleged crisis in American civil-military relations has revived a long-standing theoretical debate about the determinants of civilian control. So far, the debate has followed lines of analysis laid by the original dispute between Samuel Huntington… More

“The “Clash” of Civilizations? Or an Emerging “East Asian Modernity”?

– C.J.W Wee, "The "Clash" of Civilizations? Or an Emerging "East Asian Modernity"? Sojourn: Journal of Social Issues in Southeast Asia 11:2 (October 1996): 211-230.
“This paper examines Samuel Huntington’s influential article, “The Clash of Civilizations?”, particularly his interest in “Confucian” civilizations. Huntington’s “Civilizational” approach, this paper… More

If Not Huntington’s “Civilizations,” Then Whose?

– Alker, Hayward. "If Not Huntington's "Civilizations," Then Whose?" Review (Fernand Braudel Center) 18:4 (Fall, 1995): 533-562.
“Samuel P. Huntington defines a civilization in psycho-cultural terms as “the highest cultural grouping of people and the broadest level of [‘intensely’ held] cultural identity people had short of that which distinguishes humans form… More

Democratic Consolidations: Some Broad Comparisons and Sweeping Arguments

– Schneider, Ben Ross. "Democratic Consolidations: Some Broad Comparisons and Sweeping Arguments." Latin American Research Review 30:2 (Spring 1995): 215-234.
“These four ambitious books address similar concerns and raise several questions in common. First, they move beyond the analysis of transitions to democracy to focus on consolidation. Second, three of them make lengthy arguments about the relationship… More

The Tide Underneath the ‘Third Wave’

– Rowen, Henry. "The Tide Underneath the 'Third Wave'." Journal of Democracy 6:1 (Jan 1995): 52-64.
“The collapse of the socialist model, the increase in the number of democracies throughout the world, and the growing influence of East Asia have made the relative prospects of various political-economic systems a matter of high current interest.… More

An Exchange on Civil-Military Relations

– Kohn, Richard, Colin Powell, John Lehman, William Odom, Samuel Huntington, "An Exchange on Civil-Military Relations," The National Interest 36 (Summer 1994): 23-31
“Of all the problems facing the nation, a crisis in civil-military relations is not one of them and things are not out of control. Mr. Kohn lays major responsibility for this non-crisis at my doorstep. I trust Mr. Kohn and the Republic are sleeping more… More

Democratic Transitions in Comparative Perspective

– Munck, Gerardo. "Democratic Transitions in Comparative Perspective." Comparative Politics 26:3 (Apr. 1994): 355-375.
“The surge of democratic governments, starting in 1974 and continuing through the early 1990s is probably the political sign of our time. The political changes entailed, if broadly conceivable in terms of classic democratic theory, have also certain… More

Democracy’s Third Wave

– Schmitter, Philippe C. "Democracy's Third Wave." The Review of Politics 55:2 (Spring 1993): 348-351.

The Concept of Military Professionalism

– Harries-Jenkins, Gwyn. "The Concept of Military Professionalism." Defense Analysis 6:2 (Jun. 1990): 117-130.
“The publication in 1957 of Huntington’s The Soldier and the State and of Janowitz’s The Professional Soldier 3 years later stimulated considerable interest in the study of the complex relationships between armed forces and the parent… More

Samuel P. Huntington: An Appreciation

– Putnam, Robert. "Samuel P. Huntington: An Appreciation." Political Science and Politics 19:4 (Autumn, 1986): 837-845.
“To survey the life and work of Samuel P. Huntington, the new President of the American Political Science Association, is a challenging task. First, even more than most other leaders of our profession, Huntington has made fundamental contributions to… More

Huntington on Democratic Politics: A Review of American Politics: The Promise of Disharmony

– Nelson, William. "Huntington on Democratic Politics: A Review of American Politics: The Promise of Disharmony." Philosophy & Public Affairs 13:1 (Winter 1984): 89-98.
“Samuel P. Huntington’s most recent book, American Politics: The Promise of Disharmony, is an original and intriguing account of American political history. Underlying this history, according to Huntington, is an enduring consensus on democratic… More

The Varieties of Revolution

– Dix, Robert. "The Varieties of Revolution." Comparative Politics 15:3 (Apr 1983): 281-294.
“In his Political Order in Changing Societies Samuel Huntington delineated two types of revolutions or revolutionary processes, the Western and the Eastern. Huntington argues, along with most other scholars, that true revolutions tend to take place… More

The ‘American Creed’ and Constitutional Theory

– Smith, Rogers M. "The 'American Creed' and Constitutional Theory." Harvard Law Review 95 (May 1982): 1691-1702.
“Political scientist Samuel P. Huntington’s scholarship has been unified by an ongoing concern for the basis of political authority in various political arenas. This concern continues in his latest work, American Politics: The Promise of… More

The Democratic Temper

– Beer, Samuel. "The Democratic Temper." The New Republic 185 (Nov. 11, 1981): 30-33.
“This brilliant book should have been published a year ago. In the last days of the Carter Administration it did seem as if our political institutions suffered from a deepening erosion of authority. The leading exhibit was an enfeebled presidency whose… More

The Institutional Myth: Huntington’s Order Revisited

– Groth, Alexander. "The Institutional Myth: Huntington's Order Revisited." The Review of Politics 41 (Apr. 1979): 203-234.
Among influential writers in the field of political development and comparative politics in the last two decades few have excelled Samuel P. Huntington. With a prudent economy of basic concepts, Huntington has addressed a variety of political problems in many… More

Institutionalization and political development: a conceptual and theoretical analysis

– Ben-Dor, Gabriel. "Institutionalization and political development: a conceptual and theoretical analysis." Comparative Studies in Society and History 17 (Jul. 1975): 309-325.
“In recent years, institutionalization has become one of the key concepts in comparative politics in general, and in the study of political development in particular. This elegant and almost geometrically tidy theory of political order best articulated… More

Military professionalism and civil control: a comparative analysis of two interpretations

– Larson, Arthur. "Military professionalism and civil control: a comparative analysis of two interpretations." Journal of Political and Military Sociology 2 (Spring 1974):  57-72.
“The steps taken to strengthen civil control after World War II emphasized external administrative and political arrangements. In contrast, Samuel Huntington and Morris Janowitz focused on the internal controls provided by military professionalism.… More

Order or Movement?: The Literature of Political Development as Ideology

– Kessleman, Mark. "Order or Movement?: The Literature of Political Development as Ideology." World Politics 26 (Oct  1973): 139-154.
“The term ‘political development’ originated during the cold war. After WWII, the prevalent attitude in the United States toward the Third World resembled that toward Europe: Unless economic progress and political stability were encouraged… More

The Professional Soldier: A Social and Political Portrait

– Janowitz, Morris. The Professional Soldier: A Social and Political Portrait. New York: The Free Press, 1971.
“In his social profile of the professional soldier, Janowitz develops the basic distinction between “absolutist” and “pragmatist” approaches. Warfare – actual or potential – is the basis of international relations and… More

Comparative History and the Theory of Modernization

– Salamon, Lester. "Comparative History and the Theory of Modernization." World Politics 23 (Oct. 1970): 83-103.
“One of the sorest needs in the social sciences is for clear and concise conceptual equipment to give structure to disciplines and order to the range of hypotheses these disciplines purport to explore. Perhaps nowhere is this need for conceptual… More

Political Ideals and the Military Ethic

– Guttman, Allen. "Political Ideals and the Military Ethic." American Scholar 34:2 (Spring 1965): 221-237.
“From the 1770s to the 1960s, from the Committee of Correspondence to S.N.C.C., American political rhetoric has remained remarkably constant. Liberty and equality. Although each generation of reformers discovers in anger that rhetoric is not the only… More

The New Civil-Military Relations

– Lyons, Gene. "The New Civil-Military Relations." American Political Science Review 55 (March 1961): 53-60.
“Historically the character of civil-military relations in the United States has been dominated by the concept of civilian control of the military. This has largely been a response to the fear of praetorianism. As recently as 1949, for example, the… More